FRBRoo and performing arts Christian-Emil Ore University of Oslo, Norway CIDOC 2015, Delhi, 6th September 2015 Slides from FRBRoo material by C.Bekiari, M. Doerr, P. Le Boeuf

The FRBR - CRM Harmonization 2003 International Working Group A collaboration of CIDOC CRM-SIG and the IFLA FRBR Review Group. To express the IFLA FRBR model with the concepts, ontological methodology and notation conventions provided by the CIDOC CRM. To facilitate the integration, mediation and interchange of bibliographic and museum information.

CIDOC CRM extension suite Conceptual Reference Model (CRM) CRM Few concepts, high recall Event Thing happened at Actor was present at FRBRoo Special concepts, high precision CRMSci CRMInf CRMGeo PRESSoo CRMArcheo CRMDig Acc. Martin Doerr 2015

The FRBR - CRM Harmonization 2008, complete text “FRBROO” reviewed by IFLA. Definition available as text in the format of the CRM. Other forms: A comprehensive text with all related CRM definitions and complete mappings FRBRER to FRBROO, OWL/RDF files. 2015, FRBROO 2.0

The FRBR - CRM Harmonization FRBR The Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) developed 1992-1997 by IFLA, now being complemented by the Functional Requirements for Authority Files (FRAR) A core ER model to integrate library objects by content relation Intended to formulate a new library practice

The FRBR - CRM Harmonization FRBR Innovations: Definition of stages/ abstraction levels of intellectual products: Work, Expression, Manifestation, Item. Clusters publications and items around the notion of derivation, complement and common conceptual origin across stages / abstraction levels.

The FRBR - CRM Harmonization FRBR Lacks: explicit notion of the processes behind. Partially ambiguous definitions (overgeneralization). Thought to cover performing arts, but cannot describe temporality (events).

The FRBR - CRM Harmonization FRBR : Abstraction Levels “a distinct intellectual or artistic creation…there is no single material object one can point to as the work...” has a complement has a successor has a summary has a supplement has a transformation has adaptation has an imitation has part Work is realized through “the intellectual or artistic realization of a work in the form of alpha-numeric, musical, choreographic notation, sound, image, object, movement, etc” Expression is embodied in “the physical embodiment of an expression of a work…all the physical objects that bear the same characteristics……may be only a single physical exemplar…” has part Manifestation is exemplified by has part “a single exemplar of a manifestation...” Item

The FRBR - CRM Harmonization Results: The “externalization” process Creation E12 Production E28 Conceptual Object F31 Expression Creation F3 Manifestation Production Type F40 Carrier Production Event R22 created R41 produced (was produced by) R9 comprises carriers of R49 created a realization of F1 Work E24 Physical Man-Made Thing E84 Information Carrier F2 Expression R56 is realized in R45 created R10 belongs to type F21 Complex Work F46 Individual Work F20 Self Contained Expression F23 Expression Fragment F4 Manifestation Singleton F5 Item

Documenting Performing Arts Introduction Performing Arts is an expression of culture It is not objects and not literature. It is planned, heard and seen and then gone. It may use objects and literature. It may leave recorded memories and other traces of activities behind.

Documenting Performing Arts Introduction Who documents and preserves knowledge about Performing Arts? Records and objects may be found across museums, archives, libraries. Any institution would document differently. How to recognize the common facts behind? We need to understand the relationships between museums, archives, libraries documentation. Performing Arts is a good showcase.

A Model of Performing Arts: Incorporation – a new relationship R2 is derivative of (has derivative): R2.1 has type: R1 is logical successor of (has successor): R14 incorporates (is incorporated in): This property associates an instance of F22 Self-Contained Expression with an instance of F2 Expression that was included in it and that is a realisation of an independent work. The incorporated expression may be self-contained or fragmentary. “has a summary” “has a transformation” “has adaptation” “has an imitation” “has a complement” “has a successor” “has a supplement”

A Model of Performing Arts: Basic Classes Activities Conceptual Objects R19 created a realisation of (was realised through) F20 Performance Work F2 Expression R12 is realised in (realises) F28 Expression Creation R17 created (was created by) F25 Performance Plan R14 incorporates (is incorporated in) R25 performed (was performed in) F31 Performance R66 recorded (was recorded though) COLLOCATION! R22 realised (was realised through) F21 Recording Work F29 Recording Event R13 is realised in (realises) (performances may not be recorded) R21 created (was created by) Participants may write up other memories F26 Recording

A Model of Performing Arts: Derivation and Incorporation Chains F21 Complex Work Henry IV F54 Container Work R12 has member (is member of) R69 is realised in (realises) F31 Expression Creation Expression creation of Henry IV part 1 mise-en-scene F51 Performance Work Henry IV part 1 idea of mise-en-scene R49 created a realisation of (was realised through) R22 created (was created by) R68 realised (was realised through) F53 Recording Work Henry IV part 1 recording work F46 Individual Work Henry IV part 1 R1 has logical successor F46 Individual Work Henry IV part 2 R70 is realised in (realises) R58 derivative of (has derivative) F46 Individual Work Henry IV part 1 Adaptation R49 created a realisation of (was realised through) F55 Recording Event Recording Performance 25/12/07 R66 recorded (was recorded though) R67 created (was created by) F31 Expression Creation Expression creation of Adaptation of Henry IV part 1 R56 is realised in (realises) R64 performed (was performed in) F52 Performance Performance 25/12/07 R22 created (was created by) F20 Self-Contained Expression Henry IV part 1 Adaptation Text F50 Performance Plan Henry IV part 1 “mise-en-scene” R63 incorporates (is incorporated in) R63 incorporates (is incorporated in) F56 Recording DVD Henry IV part 1 Play 25/12/07

A Model of Performing Arts – ALM R12 is realized in (realizes) F20 Performance Work Sergei Radlov's conceptions about how to stage King Lear F25 Performance Plan Sergei Radlov's indications about how to perform King Lear R25 performed (was performed in) P129 is about (is subject of) E33 Linguistic Object English comments by Edward Gordon Craig on the performances of King Lear at the Moscow State Jewish Theatre in 1935 in Radlov’s mise-en-scène R14 incorporates (is incorporated in) E73 Information Object Lev Pulver's incidental music E38 Image A. Tyshler's stage setting E33 Linguistic Object S. Galkin's Yiddish translation of King Lear F52 Performance at the Moscow State Jewish Theatre, 1935 E31 Document E38 Image Visual content of photographs P70 documents (is documented in) P128 carries (is carried by) E24 Physical Man-Made Thing Photographs held at BnF P128 carries (is carried by) E24 Physical Man-Made Thing Manuscript score held at BnF P128 carries (is carried by) E24 Physical Man-Made Thing Wooden model elements held at BnF P128 carries (is carried by) E24 Physical Man-Made Thing Manuscript held at BnF By Patrick Le Bœuf

A Model of Performing Arts Conclusions Documenting Performing Arts is confusing: Conceptions, repeated patterns, recordings, and the actual volatile events are hard to distinguish in our mind. CRM & FRBROO form a consistent whole: CRM already captures consistently the event aspect: participants (actors, recorders, audience), used things, space and time. FRBR adds the intellectual work chain. FRBRoo detects a new relationship of intellectual products: The recording may “incorporate”, rather than “represent” the performance plan. Recording and performance are seen as one coherent activity.

A Model of Performing Arts Conclusions To our knowledge the most comprehensive model for documenting performing arts in libraries and museums. An example how archive, museum and library information can be integrated based on sense making relations.