WP5 - MICROBIAL METABOLIC ACTIVITIES CNRS DR 12 - LMGEM D. MARTY, J. GARCIN, C. TAMBURINI & A. BIANCHI BIODEEP Meeting IX MILANO 17-19 May 2004 BACTERIAL ACTIVITIES * STRICT ANAEROBIC ACTIVITIES * Methane Production (MP) * Sulfate Reduction (SR) * BACTERIAL PRODUCTION * Bacterial Production (BP)

L’ATALANTE, BANNOCK, DISCOVERY, URANIA MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES BIODEEP CRUISES 2001, 2002 & 2003 L’ATALANTE, BANNOCK, DISCOVERY, URANIA * BRINES * INTERFACE (Seawater-Brine) Seawater, Upper & Lower Interface (2001) Along Interface (2002 & 2003) Brines, Upper Brine, Heavy Brine (Urania) * MUD PIT (Urania -2002) . * SEDIMENT * OVERLAYING BRINE (or BOTTOM BRINE)

STRICT ANAEROBIC ACTIVITY - MP * METHANE CONCENTRATION - [CH4] * METHANE PRODUCTION - MP & MPR * BIODEEP-2 CRUISE (2001) * NATURAL MP & POTENTIAL MP (CH4 µmol/L) [Interface, Brine, Bottom Brine & Sediment] * BIODEEP-3 CRUISE (2002) [Brine, Bottom Brine & Sediment] * MPR = Methane Production Rate (CH4 µmol/L/d) * MPR ± Sulfate Reduction inhibitor (Molybdate) * BIODEEP-5 CRUISE (2003) * MPR = Methane Production Rate [Brine, Bottom Brine, Sediment & along interfaces]

STRICT ANAEROBIC ACTIVITY - SR * SULFATE REDUCTION RATE SRR 35SH2 produced from 35SO4 (µmol H2S/L/d) * BIODEEP-2 CRUISE 2001 * SRR [Interface, Brine, Bottom Brine & Sediment] * BIODEEP-3 CRUISE 2002 * SRR [Brine, Bottom Brine & Sediment] * SRR ± Methane Production inhibitor (BES) * BIODEEP-5 CRUISE 2003 * SRR [Brine, Bottom Brine & Sediment] * SRR along Interfaces

BACTERIAL PRODUCTION & ACTIVITIES * ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES BIODEEP Cruise-2001 * GLUCOSE UPTAKE BIODEEP Cruise-2002 * Assimilation & Respiration of 14C-Glucose * GLUTAMATE UPTAKE BIODEEP Cruises 2001, 2002 & 2003 * Assimilation & Respiration of 14C-Glutamate * BACTERIAL PRODUCTION * Biomass Production Incorporation of 3H-Leucine BIODEEP Cruises-2001, 2002 BIODEEP Cruise-2003 along interfaces . * CHEMOLITHOTROPHIC BACTERIAL PRODUCTION * HEXANE DEGRADATION BIODEEP Cruise-2003

L’ATALANTE BASIN [CH4], MP & MPR / SALINITY % METHANE CONCENTRATION [CH4] Brine Bottom brine Sediment 200 400 600 5 10 15 20 25 30 S% [CH4] µM CH4-01 CH4-02 CH4-03 METHANE PRODUCTION MP 20 40 60 80 100 5 10 15 25 30 S% MP: CH4 µmol/L/d MP-01 MP-02 MP-03 METHANE PRODUCTION RATE MPR 10 20 30 40 5 15 25 S% MPR: CH4 µmol/L/d MPR-01 MPR-02 MPR-03 Brine Bottom brine Sediment

L’ATALANTE BASIN MPR, SRR & BP / S% METHANE PRODUCTION RATE MPR 10 20 30 40 5 15 25 S% MPR: CH4 µmol/L/d MPR-01 MPR-02 MPR-03 Brine Bottom brine Sediment 25 50 75 100 125 5 10 15 20 30 S% SRR: H2S µmol/L/d SRR-01 SRR-02 SRR-03 SULFATE REDUCTION RATE SRR BACTERIAL PRODUCTION BP 2 4 6 8 10 5 15 20 25 30 S% BP: ngC/L/h BP-01 BP-02 BP-03

BANNOCK BASIN [CH4], MP & MPR / S% METHANE CONCENTRATION [CH4] CH4-01 CH4-02 CH4-03 5 10 15 20 25 S% 100 200 300 400 [CH4] µM Brine Bottom brine Sediment METHANE PRODUCTION MP MP-01 MP-02 MP-03 20 40 60 80 100 5 10 15 25 30 S% MP: CH4 µmol/L METHANE PRODUCTION RATE MPR MPR-01 MPR-02 MPR-03 2 4 6 8 10 5 15 20 25 30 S% MPR: CH4 µmol/L/d 61.26

BANNOCK BASIN MPR, SRR & BP / S% METHANE PRODUCTION RATE MPR 2 4 6 8 10 5 15 20 25 S% MPR: CH4 µmol/L/d MPR-01 MPR-02 MPR-03 61.26 Brine Bottom brine Sediment SRR-01 SRR-02 SRR-03 SULFATE REDUCTION RATE SRR 20 40 60 80 5 10 15 25 30 S% SRR: H2S µmol/L/d BACTERIAL PRODUCTION BP 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 15 20 25 30 S% BP: ng C/L/h BP-01 BP-02 BP-03

DISCOVERY BASIN [CH4], MP & MPR / S% METHANE PRODUCTION MP 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 S% MP: CH4 µmol/L MP-01 MP-02 MP-03 METHANE PRODUCTION RATE MPR 1 2 3 4 5 10 20 30 40 50 S% MPR: CH4 µmol/L/d MPR-01 MPR-02 MPR-03 METHANE CONCENTRATION [CH4] Brine Sediment 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 S% [CH4] µM CH4-01 CH4-02 CH4-03

DISCOVERY BASIN [CH4], MP & MPR / S% SULFATE REDUCTION RATE SRR 10 20 30 40 50 S% SRR: H2S µmol/L/d SRR-01 SRR-02 SRR-03 BACTERIAL PRODUCTION BP 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 S% BP: ng C/L/H BP-01 BP-02 BP-03 METHANE PRODUCTION RATE MPR 1 2 3 4 5 10 20 30 40 S% MPR: CH4 µmol/L/d MPR-01 MPR-02 MPR-03 Brine Sediment

URANIA BASIN [CH4], MP & MPR / S% Brine Heavy Brine Bottom brine Sediment METHANE CONCENTRATION [CH4] 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 4 8 12 16 S% [CH4]: µM CH4-01 CH4-02 CH4-03 METHANE PRODUCTION MP 200 400 600 800 1000 4 8 12 16 20 S% MP: CH4 µmol/L MP-01 MP-02 MP-03 METHANE PRODUCTION RATE MPR MPR-01 MPR-02 MPR-03 200 400 600 4 8 12 16 20 S% MPR: CH4 µmol/L/d

URANIA BASIN MPR, SRR & BP / S% SULFATE REDUCTION RATE SRR 100 20 40 60 80 4 8 12 16 S% SRR: H2S µmol/L/d SRR-01 SRR-02 SRR-03 METHANE PRODUCTION RATE MPR Brine Heavy Brine Bottom brine Sediment MPR-01 MPR-02 MPR-03 200 400 600 4 8 12 16 S% MPR: CH4 µmol/L/d BACTERIAL PRODUCTION BP 10 20 30 40 50 4 8 12 16 S% BP: ng C/L/H BP-01 BP-02 BP-03

METHANE PRODUCTION RATE L’ATALANTE, BANNOCK, DISCOVERY & URANIA 200 400 600 5 10 15 20 MPR: CH4 µmol/L/d URANIA-MPR S% 25 50 75 100 10 20 30 MPR: CH4 µmol/L/d S% ATALANTE-MPR MPR-01 MPR-02 MPR-03 METHANE PRODUCTION RATE MPR BANNOCK-MPR 20 40 60 80 100 5 10 15 25 30 S% MPR: CH4 µmol/L/d DISCOVERY-MPR 50 75 MPnat: CH4 µM

SULFATE REDUCTION RATE L’ATALANTE, BANNOCK, DISCOVERY & URANIA BANNOCK-SRR 25 50 75 100 125 5 10 15 20 30 S% SRR: H2S µmol/L/d ATALANTE-SRR 35 URANIA-SRR 125 25 50 75 100 4 8 12 16 20 S% SRR: H2S µmol/L/d SULFATE REDUCTION RATE SRR SRR-01 SRR-02 SRR-03 DISCOVERY-SRR 25 50 75 100 125 10 20 30 40 S% SRR: H2S µmol/L/d

L’ATALANTE, BANNOCK, DISCOVERY & URANIA URANIA-BP 10 20 30 40 50 4 8 12 16 24 S% BP: ng C/L/H DISCOVERY-BP 10 20 30 40 50 60 S% BP: ng C/L/H BACTERIAL PRODUCTION BP BP-01 BP-02 BP-03 ATALANTE-BP 10 20 30 40 50 5 15 25 35 S% BP: ng C/L/H BANNOCK-BP 10 20 30 40 50 5 15 25 35 S% BP: ng C/LO

CONCLUSIONS * PRESENCE OF ACTIVE ARCHAEBACTERIA & BACTERIA IN THE DHABs * INTERFACE * BRINE * BOTTOM BRINE * SEDIMENT ALONG INTERFACE (FROM SW TO BRINE) * BACTERIAL PRODUCTION DECREASES WITH DEPTH INHIBITION WITH S% AND ANOXIA * SULFATE REDUCTION VARIES ALONG INTERFACE VARIATION WITH PARTICLES…. ? * METHANE PRODUCTION INCREASES WITH DEPTH INCREASE WITH ANOXIA