The Era of Good Feelings Gives Way to Sectional Conflict Ch 9.2

Vocabulary : feelings of pride and loyalty to a nation Nationalism 2. American System: 3. Sectionalism : feelings of pride and loyalty to a nation policies by Henry Clay to stimulate the growth of industry to help America become self-sufficient : loyalty to a region, above loyalty to the nation as a whole

The Era of Good Feelings The absence of major political divisions after the War of 1812 helped forge a sense of national unity. James Monroe, the Democratic-Republican candidate faced almost no opposition. The Federalists barely existed as a national party. Monroe won with an overwhelming margin. Crushed it. © http://www.biography.com/people/james-monroe-9412098

1. Political differences seemed to fade away and these years became known as the Era of Good Feelings: From 1815-1825, an era of peace, pride and progress in the United States James Madison Henry Clay I feel good…. I knew that I would… . © http://henryclay.org/?page_id=2220 © http://www.biography.com/people/john-c-calhoun-37250 John C. Calhoun

Federalists are gone, but their ideas return… However, some Federalist programs reappeared, proposed by Democratic-Republicans like Henry Clay.   Tariffs to protect industry from foreign competition National bank to store money and make loans to business © http://henryclay.org/?page_id=2220 © http://www.biography.com/people/john-c-calhoun-37250

The American System Developed by (and prevent another situation like that leading to War of 1812). Henry Clay – to develop US industry

Clay – supported it as a national improvement 2. What positions did Henry Clay and Daniel Webster take in the Congressional debates on the American System? Clay – supported it as a national improvement Webster – opposed it as more beneficial to one region of the nation (North)

The American System Protective Tariff would protect developing industries from foreign competition by raising the price of imported manufactured goods from other countries Internal Improvements road, canals, and other transportation projects would stimulate trade - would help manufacturers get raw materials to factories and move finished products to markets to sell National Bank would control inflation (rising prices due to drop in value of money) and lend money to help build industries

Who else opposed the American System? Why? Southerners who opposed the tariff – English merchants paid them for their cotton in manufactured goods which would be taxed by a tariff Jefferson and other Southerners thought it would favor wealthy New England merchants Some thought the cost of internal improvements would lead to an increase in the tariff

Henry Clay Description of Henry Clay –   Henry Clay became known as the national leader who tried to resolve sectional disputes through compromise. Kentucky War Hawk; Speaker of the House of Representatives in 1811; represented the interests of the West (western states); helped negotiate the Treaty of Ghent

Daniel Webster Description of Daniel Webster – 10. Webster came to favor the _________of 1816, which protected American industries from foreign competition. He favored policies that he thought would strengthen the __________ and help the . New Hampshire congressman, later Massachusetts Congressman and Senator; became famous as a speaker/orator/debator Tariff nation Tariff ©http://www.biography.com/people/daniel-webster-9526186

John C. Calhoun Description of John C. Calhoun – Calhoun emerged as one of the chief supporters of ________________________, the idea that states have ________________________. Calhoun became an opponent of tariffs because they raised the price of manufactured goods. He also argued that tariffs protected inefficient manufacturers. planter from SC; War Hawk; nationalist at first, but changed to sectionalist; originally thought American Plan would help the South, later changed his mind due to tariff States’ rights More power

3. How did the War of 1812 affect the U. S. economy? Economy grew as amount of lands and resources increased Desire to become self-sufficient, to avoid getting involved in other nation’s conflicts by trading with them, led to a desire to improve US transportation and manufacturing within the US (proposed in Clay’s American System)

McCulloch v. Maryland McCulloch v. Maryland – McCulloch sued Maryland over the national bank; John Marshall’s Supreme court reinforced federal power (said use of the elastic clause to create the national bank was OK and a state can’t tax a federal institution) .

Gibbons v. Ogden Gibbons sued Ogden over a steamboat contract (John Marshall’s Supreme Court reinforced federal power over interstate trade)

4. How did these cases affect life in the US? In both cases, John Marshall’s Supreme Court reinforced federal power. Ha! Take that, states. Federal Rules! Losers. John Marshall – Federalist Supreme Court Chief Justice for 34 years

5. How would transportation improvements eventually aid the grown and stability of the U. S. economy? Made movement of goods cheaper, easier Ex: Cumberland Road, Erie Canal

Missouri Compromise, 1820 6. – What role did Henry Clay play in the debate over Missouri’s statehood? Proposed the Missouri Compromise   Read Henry Clay’s biography on P. 305a. Why did he work for compromises between regions? Wanted to ease sectional tensions

Missouri Compromise, 1820 7. What problem did Missouri’s request for statehood cause? It would upset the balance of power in Congress (the Senate) where there were an equal number of slave and free states. Free states Slave states

Missouri Compromise, 1820 Maine would enter as a free state, separating from Massachusetts Missouri would enter as a slave state Slavery would be outlaws in the Louisiana Territory north of the 36°30’N latitude line

9. Who were the candidates in the presidential election of 1824 9. Who were the candidates in the presidential election of 1824? How was the winner determined? Andrew Jackson ran against John Quincy Adams (son of John Adams); there was no winner in the electoral college, so the House of Representative chose the winner – John Quincy Adams John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson

Andrew Jackson won the popular vote. 10. Draw Conclusions: Why did John Quincy Adams lose popular support following the election of 1824? Jackson had more of the people’s votes (popular vote), so there was suspicion of a corrupt bargain in the election   Andrew Jackson won the popular vote. John Quincy Adams became President.

Coming Up… Eventually, sectional differences over tariffs, slavery and the national bank would end the Era of Good Feelings

Coming Up… What sections were in conflict? Why? North vs. South vs. West – differences in economy led to differences in politics We know what the country needs. No, we do! You’re both wrong. Losers.

4 issues that created sectional conflict in this time period: Southerners stressed the importance of states’ rights Sectional Conflict internal improvements would cost gov’t money  lead to more taxes  higher tariffs slavery tariffs national bank We have more power than you do!