Forestfireprotection in Poland and Europe

The Fire Protection Act of 24 August 1991: Legal acts in Poland regulating fire protection of forests are primarily: Forests Act of 28 September 1991 : In order to ensure universal protection of forests, their owners are obliged to shape the balance in forest ecosystems, increase the natural resilience of forest stands Forest owners are obliged to maintain forests lasting and to ensure their continuity of use, The forest inspector introduces a periodic prohibition of access to forest owned by the Treasury in the event of a high fire hazards, In forests and in forest areas as well as within 100 m of the forest border, activities and actions that may induce danger are prohibited, The Fire Protection Act of 24 August 1991: A physicial person, a legal person, an organization or an institution using the environment, building, object or lnad is obliged to protect them from fire or other local hazards, The owner of a building, object or site, ensuring fire protection, is obliged, among others to: equip the building, the object or the area in the Required fire protection devices and fire extinguishers, ensure people in a building, Building object or in the grounds, safety and possibility of evacuation, prepare a building, building object or area to conduct rescue action, determine ways of proceed In case of fire, natural disaster or other local threat.

Legal acts in the Union regulating fire protection of forests are primarily: Council ordinance No 2158/92 of 23 July 1992 on the protection of the Community's forests against fires: Imposing on the EU member states the obligation to classify their territories according of degree of forest fire hazards, The area classified has to correspond to an administrative division, at least equal to subregion, i.e. group of counties, Depending on the magnitude of degree the fire risk, , differentiated funding of Member States actions in scope of fire protection, Commitment by Member States to create a forest fire data bank Regulation No 2152/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 November 2003 concerning the monitoring (concerning mutual impact of forest and natural environment in community) To ensure the continuity of regulations and achievements in scope of fire protection of community forests, Continuation and further development of information system about forests fire and undeveloped areas at community level , Imposition of obligation to amass and transfer to UE

The organization of the system fire protection in the State Forests regulate Instruction the forest fire protection But let's start with the fact that… That fire protection of forests does not depend only on [...] All starts with a simple activities, among other things from educating children and young people to appropriate behavior in the forest and its surroundings, for example through regular school talks, during trips to forest areas, in the course of summer camp, colleges or while staying on educational paths led by state forests.

The State Forests organizational units are obliged to: providing water sources preparation of organizational and technical measures a constant ground observation network fire patrols completed training in fire protection, - create and keep system observation-alarm observation and alarm system, which is responsible for detecting a fire in the forest as quickly as possible , locating and alerting forces and means to extinguish a fire, -Arrangements in the forest facility plan: Category of fire hazard areas - Creation of firefighting equipment bases and Forest aviation bases  

In the Polish State Forests to fight the fire is prepared: -375 alarm-discretionary points connected to the network which is comprised of 7590 base and car radios -The total length of commuting fire is 54 thousand km, and all fire protection belts 5.4 thousand km. -The network of water supply points is 7417 artificial and natural tanks and 4812 hydrants -390 patrol-firefighting vehicles and 35 planes and 7 helicopters -656 fire detectors including 226 are equipped with television apparatus.

The forests occupy 9. 14 million ha surface of Poland The forests occupy 9.14 million ha surface of Poland. On average, in forests arise about 10.000 fires each year, resulting in the burning of nearly 6,000 ha of forest. Most of these fires are caused by people. Barely 1% is caused by lightning discharge. Fire hazards are forecast daily from April to September, according to the IBL's method. This prediction is based on determining the forest fire risk depending on the conditions meteorological and the humidity of the combustible material

Satellite protection in Europe Addressing forest fires in Europe based on satellite imagery is an important issue from the point of view of fire protection in forest areas. Previous work on the detection, monitoring and inventory of forest fires has a wide range of achievements. Predicting likely fires and directions for their spread is a major factor in the need to integrate transnational (ponadnarodowych) satellite fire data.

During the entire fire season in 2011, there were 17 forest fires with an area of ​​more than 1000 hectares located in Southern Europe. Protect the forests !!

Reasons why forests are important - Forests cover a third of all land on Earth, providing vital organic infrastructure for some of the planet's densest, most diverse collections of life. - Forests pump out the oxygen we need to live and absorb the carbon dioxide we exhale (or emit). - trees create vital oases of shade on the ground. Urban trees help buildings stay cool, reducing the need for electric fans or air conditioners,  - trees provide fruits, nuts, seeds and sap - forests provide a wealth of natural medicines and increasingly inspire synthetic spin-offs.

Reasons why forests are important  trees create vital oases of shade on the ground. Urban trees help buildings stay cool, reducing the need for electric fans or air conditioners,  trees provide fruits, nuts, seeds and sap forests provide a wealth of natural medicines and increasingly inspire synthetic spin-offs.

Remember about forest function!!! Protective functions: Protect against flood, soil, erosion Productive functions: Porduces: paper, pulp, fruit, vegetables Regulates: temperature, O2, CO2

Information sources: - http://geoinformatics.uw.edu.pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/03/TS_v49_081_Mierczyk.pdf http://www.zabezpieczenia.com.pl/systemy-sygnalizacji-po%C5%BCarowej/system-zabezpieczenia-przeciwpo%C5%BCarowego-obszar%C3%B3w-le%C5%9Bnych http://www.cossw.pl/file/redir.php?id=5605 http://bip.lasy.gov.pl/pl/bip/px_~d19910444lj.pdf http://bip.lasy.gov.pl/pl/bip/px_~instrukcja_p_poz_lasy.pdf http://www.ekologia.pl/ciekawostki/dlaczego-drzewa-sa-dla-nas-takie-wazne,18748.html http://dzienniklesny.pl/przyroda/po-co-potrzebne-sa-lasy/ http://www.deon.pl/po-godzinach/nauka--technologia/art,713,dlaczego-lasy-sa-takie-wazne.html

Authors of the work done: Zespół Szkół Mechaniczno-Elektrycznych w Żywcu Piotr Kopka 2cT Mateusz Błachut 2cT Dominika Pietras 1aLO