Eukaryotic Gene Organization & Control

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Presentation transcript:

Eukaryotic Gene Organization & Control AP Biology Chapter 16.3/18

Being prokaryotic is easy Not much DNA One cell Boring life

Being eukaryotic is hard DNA is longer – need organization Multicellular – every cell is different Each cell is a specialist

Organization of Eukaryotic Genomes

Cell Differentiation Remember you were originally one cell, with one strand of DNA. Now you are trillions of cells, 200 different kinds of cells Expressing different genes at different times is how you got to be you! Hox genes

Eukaryotes have many different modes of control over gene expression AT ALL STEPS IN THE DIAGRAM

Gene Expression in Eukaryotes physical availability of genes due to DNA packing consisting of nucleosomes, 30-nm chromatin fibers, looped domains structural or chemical changes such as methylation, amplification transcriptional control transcription factors, enhancer and promoter, hormones and other chemical signals post-transcriptional control RNA processing translational control initiation factors or repressors post-translational control cleavage, chemical additions, degradation

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