The Romantic Period 1780’s-1830’s.

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The Romantic Period 1780’s-1830’s

The Romantic Period Major literary movement at the turn of the 19th Century In England, associated with 6 major authors: Blake *Byron Wordsworth *Shelley Coleridge *Keats

The Romantic Period Developed a particular philosophy of literature, especially poetry What subjects it should address How it should be written

French Revolution Revolt of commoners against royalty Seized control of government from monarchy Claimed to represent “rights of man” Liberty, equality, fraternity End of royal privilege

French Revolution Revolution terrified conservatives in England Saw as a sign civilization was collapsing Afraid same thing would happen in England *Many writers and intellectuals in England inspired by revolution -saw as a dawn of a new age -mankind moving towards perfect government

Revolution turns ugly “Reign of Terror” 1792-94 Royalists and suspected supporters executed In England, anti-French sentiment grows Fewer people sing praises of revolution France seen as threat to the whole world War against France declared, 1793 Napoleon becomes emperor, 1804

Failure=Dilemma for Romantics Writers passionately believe in ideals of Revolution Disappointed with reality Can’t openly support revolution in England anymore

Romantics Solve Dilemma by Turning Inward Romantic poetry focuses on personal reflection Examines nature and the people’s reactions to nature Generally avoids social and political issues Wanted to change the way people thought about government and mankind Few specific plans/suggestions

Romantic Poetry Poets seen as People with Special Insight into Life/World Can see the world in a deeper, more profound way Their thoughts and reflections can bring insight to others Therefore, poems should reveal workings of poets’ minds Often autobiographical Describe poets’ inner reactions to profound experiences

Romantic Poetry Poetry Portrayed as Spontaneous and Emotional Wordsworth: Poetry is “The spontaneous overflow of powerful emotions recollected in tranquility.” Not about rules, conventions Can’t “learn” to write by studying past poets Good poems come in flashes of insight May be smoothed and polished later Original idea=spontaneous

Romantic Poetry Nature as Inspiration/Source of Reflection Believed nature had deeper wisdom than mankind By experiencing nature, we can better understand the universe Leads to better understanding of man’s purpose

Focus on Sublime and Disturbing Experiences Believed there were things in the universe beyond human comprehension Confronting them can shake our perception of the world Helps us understand the limits of human wisdom Shows us what we still don’t understand By exploring this, we can challenge and expand our beliefs

Romantic Poetry Glorification of Commoners and Outcasts Poor=closer to nature Less contaminated by society Closer to wisdom poet seeks Wordsworth: Best poems are “situations from common life” People working in fields Chimney sweeps (Blake)

Romantic Poetry Millenial Expectations Believed world on the verge of total change Old systems of government would be thrown out New, perfect system would emerge Inequality and suffering would end Believed poetry could and should lead the way Shelley: “Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the World.”