Thirty Years War.

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Presentation transcript:

Thirty Years War

Thirty Years War Happened in Holy Roman Empire Politics & Religion Last and most destructive religious war Sacrifice ALL for religious beliefs and political power Politics & Religion Catholics vs. Protestants Calvinists vs. Lutherans Shaped Europe as we know it Everyone was involved directly or indirectly

Preconditions for War 1. Fragmented Germany 360 political entities Opposed consolidation by HRE Ruler ONLY rules by force Peace of Augsburg (1555) Cuius regio, eius religio Catholic, Lutheran and Calvin (not recognized by Peace of Augsburg) Is this political or religious?

Is this political or religious? 2. Religious Division HRE: Equal Catholics and Protestants Peace of Augsburg: Equal territory Territory rivalry increased tension Lutherans had more rights in Catholic territories Catholics had less right in Lutheran areas Protestants were fighting against each other Conservative vs. liberal Is this political or religious?

Is this political or religious? 3. Calvinism Lutheran's feared Calvinism Why? Threatened by Peace of Augsburg Is this political or religious? 4. Maximilian (Bavaria) and the Catholic League Builds army (Jesuits) for counter Reformation

Four Phases of the War Bohemia Danish Swedish Swedish-French Why? Between countries with radically different and opposing political AND religious agendas HRE Emperor Ferdinand

Bohemia Period 1618-1625 Began as nobility against king (Political) Became  Calvinists vs. Catholics (Ferdinand) Calvinists demanded more freedom from Habsburg Ruler Ferdinand Ferdinand revoked religious freedoms Protestant response: threw two of Ferdinand’s regents out a window

Danish Period 1625-1629 Denmark (Protestant) vs. Ferdinand (Catholic) King Christian IV of Denmark tried to bring Protestantism to Germany Forced out by Maximilian Ferdinand issued the Edict of Restitution Outlawed Calvinism Why? Political Self-interest

Swedish Period Sweden helped Protestants win the battle of Breitenfeld Sweden refused to join the Peace of Prague Agreement Compromise between German Protestants and Ferdinand

Swedish – French Period Final phase French, Swedish and Spanish soldiers vs. Germany Very destructive Why did they fight? Less religion, more warfare Political agenda drove conflict Overshadowed religious issues

The Treaty of Westphalia 1648 Results Stopped Ferdinand’s Edict of Restitution Recognized Calvinists National Independence (changed the map of Europe) Holland and Swiss Confederacy German rulers were supreme rulers over THEIR principality Protestantism had legal protection Negative Increased Germany’s internal, religious division and political weakness

Homework NOTES: England and Spain Bring book Monday!!