Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys 8/1/2018 Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists Data from National Surveys Howard H. Garrison Kimberly McGuire FASEB Office of Public Affairs

Contents Graduate School Application Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys 8/1/2018 Contents Graduate School Application Graduate School Applications in Biological and Health Sciences [Slide 9] Graduate Records Examination (GRE) Scores Mean Quantitative Scores of US Citizens and Permanent Residents Intending to Enroll in Biological and Health Sciences [Slide 11] Graduate School Enrollment First Time, Full Time Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Citizenship/Visa Status [Slide 13] First Time, Full Time Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Ethnicity (US Citizens and Permanent Residents Only) [Slide 14] 2

Contents Graduate School Enrollment (continued) Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys 8/1/2018 Contents Graduate School Enrollment (continued) Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Citizenship/Visa Status [Slide 15] Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Ethnicity (US Citizens and Permanent Residents Only) [Slide 16] Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Sex [Slide 17] Full Time Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Mechanism of Support [Slide 18] NIH Trainees and Fellows Pre-Doctoral and Post-Doctoral Positions on NIH Training Grants and Fellowships [Slide 20] 3

Contents NIH Trainees and Fellows (continued) Doctorate Awards Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys 8/1/2018 Contents NIH Trainees and Fellows (continued) Fellowship (F32) Applications Reviewed and Awarded [Slide 21] NIH Spending on Training Grants and Fellowships [Slide 22] Doctorate Awards Doctorate Degrees Awarded in the Biological and Medical Sciences by Citizenship/Visa Status [Slide 24] Doctorate Degrees Awarded in the Biological and Medical Sciences by Ethnicity (US Citizens and Permanent Residents Only) [Slide 25] Doctorate Degrees Awarded in the Biological and Medical Sciences by Sex [Slide 26] Academic Postdoctoral Appointments Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Citizenship/ Visa Status [Slide 28] 4

Contents Academic Postdoctoral Appointments (continued) Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys 8/1/2018 Contents Academic Postdoctoral Appointments (continued) Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Degree and Citizenship/ Visa Status [Slide 29] Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Sex and Citizenship/ Visa Status [Slide 30] Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Source of Support [Slide 31] Postdoctoral Appointments for Individuals with PhDs from US Institutions Percent of US Biomedical PhDs with Postdoc 1-2 Years Post-PhD [Slide 33] Percent of US Biomedical PhDs with Postdoc 3-4 Years Post-PhD [Slide 34] 5

Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys 8/1/2018 Contents Stay Rates of Foreign Doctorate Recipients from US Universities Stay Rates for Temporary Residents with Life Science Doctorates [Slide 36] Employment Status of Individuals with PhDs from US Institutions Employment of Biomedical Science PhDs by Sector of Employment [Slide 38] Distribution of Biomedical Science PhDs by Sector of Employment [Slide 39] Academically Employed Biomedical PhDs by Tenure Status [Slide 40] Distribution of Academically Employed Biomedical PhDs by Tenure Status [Slide 41] Percentage of U.S. Biomedical Science PhDs Holding Tenure or Tenure-Track Positions, Total [Slide 42] 6

Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys 8/1/2018 Contents Employment Status of Individuals with PhDs from US Institutions (continued) Percentage of U.S. Biomedical Science PhDs Holding Tenure or Tenure-Track Positions 5-6 Years Post-PhD [Slide 43] Medical School Faculty Appointments Medical School Faculty Members by Degree and Department Type [Slide 45] Total and New Faculty 1970 to 2006 in U.S. Medical Schools [Slide 46] NIH Grant Applications and Awards Average Age of First Time R01 Equivalent Investigators [Slide 48] Number of Competing Awards (Including First R01) [Slide 49] 7

Graduate School Application Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys 8/1/2018 Graduate School Application 8

Graduate School Applications in Health and Biological Sciences Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys Graduate School Applications in Health and Biological Sciences 8/1/2018 Graduate School Applications in Biological and Health Sciences Source: Council of Graduate Schools CGS/GRE Survey of Graduate Enrollment http://www.cgsnet.org/ Survey Characteristics: The survey collects data from the members of the Council of Graduate Schools or one of the four regional associations of graduate schools. Participating institutions enroll 70% of U.S. graduate students, award 80% of the master’s degrees and grant nearly all of the doctorate degrees awarded by U.S. institutions Survey Dates: 1995-2005 Field Specifications: Biological sciences include agriculture Health sciences include health and medical sciences Survey Notes: CGS also collects data on enrollments and degrees awarded Contact Information: Ken Redd One Dupont Circle NW, Suite 430 Washington, DC 20036 (202) 223-3791 Source: http://www.cgsnet.org/ 9

Graduate Records Examination (GRE) Scores Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys 8/1/2018 Graduate Records Examination (GRE) Scores 10

Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys Mean Quantitative Scores of US Citizens and Permanent Residents Intending to Enroll in Biological and Health Sciences 8/1/2018 Graduate Records Examination (GRE) Scores Source: Higher Education Division Educational Testing Service http://www.ets.org Study Characteristics The study examines GRE scores for U.S. test takers by field of intended study. Data for 1992-2000 are from articles written by William Zumeta: http://www.cpst.org/web/site/bbcharts/bbcharts/zumetarevised.htm and http://www.cpst.org/BBIssues.pdf . Data from 1995-2005 are from special tabulations produced by ETS. Survey Dates: 1992-2005 Field Specifications for 1989-2000 Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Biology, Biometry, Botany, Cell and Molecular Biology, Ecology, Developmental Biology, Genetics, Marine Biology, Microbiology, Zoology, Bacteriology, Biophysics, Biological Sciences--Other Health Sciences: Anatomy, Neurosciences, Nutrition, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Radiobiology, Toxicology, Allied Health, Audiology, Chiropractic, Dental Sciences, Environmental Health, Epidemiology, Health Sciences Administration, Immunology, Medical Sciences, Nursing, Optometry, Osteopathic Medicine, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Podiatry, Pre-Medicine, Public Health, Veterinary Medicine, Occupational Therapy, Physical Therapy, Speech/Language Pathology, Medicinal Chemistry, Veterinary Science, Health and Medical Sciences—Other Field Specifications for 1995-2005: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Biology, Biometry, Botany, Cell and Molecular Biology, Ecology, Developmental Biology, Entomology and Parasitology, Genetics, Marine Biology, Microbiology, Neurosciences, Nutrition, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Radiobiology, Toxicology, Zoology, Bacteriology, Biophysics, Biological Sciences—Other. Health sciences include health and medical sciences: Allied Health, Audiology, Chiropractic, Dental Sciences, Environmental Health, Epidemiology, Health Sciences Administration, Immunology, Medical Sciences, Nursing, Optometry, Osteopathic Medicine, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Podiatry, Pre-Medicine, Public Health, Veterinary Medicine, Occupational Therapy, Physical Therapy, Speech/Language Pathology, Medicinal Chemistry, Veterinary Science, Health and Medical Sciences—Other. Survey Notes: The early study (1992-2000) used a different taxonomy of fields than the more recent study (1995-2005) Contact Information: 1992-2000 William M. Zumeta, Professor of Public Affairs and Educational Leadership & Policy Studies Daniel J. Evans School of Public Affairs, University of Washington, Box 353055 Seattle, WA  98195-3055 zumeta@u.washington.edu 1995-2005 Howard H. Garrison, Ph.D., Deputy Executive Director for Policy and Director, Office of Public Affairs Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 9650 Rockville Pike Bethesda, MD  20814 hgarrison@faseb.org Source: http://www.ets.org 11

Graduate School Enrollment Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys 8/1/2018 Graduate School Enrollment 12

Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys First Time, Full Time Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Citizenship/Visa Status 8/1/2018 Graduate School Enrollment Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ Survey Characteristics This survey produces national estimates of graduate students, postdocs, and non-faculty researchers in all U.S. academic institutions that granted doctorates or master's degrees in any science, engineering, or selected health-related field Survey Dates: 1966-2004 Field Specifications: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Biology, Biometry/epidemiology, Biophysics, Botany, Cell biology, Ecology, Entomology/parasitology, Genetics, Microbiology/immunology/virology, Nutrition, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Zoology, and Biosciences, nec Health sciences: (Medical fields): Anesthesiology, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Hematology, Neurology, Obstetrics/gynecology, Oncology/cancer research, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatrics, Preventive medicine/community health, Psychiatry, Pulmonary disease, Radiology, Surgery, Clinical medicine, nec. (Other health): Dental sciences, Nursing, Pharmaceutical sciences, Speech pathology/audiology, Veterinary sciences, Health related, nec Survey Notes: Information is provided by school coordinator or departmental respondent. Includes counts of students and data on key characteristics of interest, such as race/ethnicity, sex, citizenship, and source of funding. Response rates are greater than 95%. Contact Information: Julia D. Oliver Division of Science Resources Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 (703) 292-7809 joliver@nsf.gov Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ 13

Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys First Time, Full Time Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Ethnicity (US Citizens and Permanent Residents Only) 8/1/2018 Graduate School Enrollment Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ Survey Characteristics This survey produces national estimates of graduate students, postdocs, and non-faculty researchers in all U.S. academic institutions that granted doctorates or master's degrees in any science, engineering, or selected health-related field Survey Dates: 1966-2004 Field Specifications: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Biology, Biometry/epidemiology, Biophysics, Botany, Cell biology, Ecology, Entomology/parasitology, Genetics, Microbiology/immunology/virology, Nutrition, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Zoology, and Biosciences, nec Health sciences: (Medical fields): Anesthesiology, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Hematology, Neurology, Obstetrics/gynecology, Oncology/cancer research, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatrics, Preventive medicine/community health, Psychiatry, Pulmonary disease, Radiology, Surgery, Clinical medicine, nec. (Other health): Dental sciences, Nursing, Pharmaceutical sciences, Speech pathology/audiology, Veterinary sciences, Health related, nec Survey Notes: Information is provided by school coordinator or departmental respondent. Includes counts of students and data on key characteristics of interest, such as race/ethnicity, sex, citizenship, and source of funding. Response rates are greater than 95%. Contact Information: Julia D. Oliver Division of Science Resources Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 (703) 292-7809 joliver@nsf.gov Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ 14

Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Citizenship/Visa Status 8/1/2018 Graduate School Enrollment Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ Survey Characteristics This survey produces national estimates of graduate students, postdocs, and non-faculty researchers in all U.S. academic institutions that granted doctorates or master's degrees in any science, engineering, or selected health-related field Survey Dates: 1966-2004 Field Specifications: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Biology, Biometry/epidemiology, Biophysics, Botany, Cell biology, Ecology, Entomology/parasitology, Genetics, Microbiology/immunology/virology, Nutrition, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Zoology, and Biosciences, nec Health sciences: (Medical fields): Anesthesiology, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Hematology, Neurology, Obstetrics/gynecology, Oncology/cancer research, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatrics, Preventive medicine/community health, Psychiatry, Pulmonary disease, Radiology, Surgery, Clinical medicine, nec. (Other health): Dental sciences, Nursing, Pharmaceutical sciences, Speech pathology/audiology, Veterinary sciences, Health related, nec Survey Notes: Information is provided by school coordinator or departmental respondent. Includes counts of students and data on key characteristics of interest, such as race/ethnicity, sex, citizenship, and source of funding. Response rates are greater than 95%. Contact Information: Julia D. Oliver Division of Science Resources Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 (703) 292-7809 joliver@nsf.gov Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ 15

Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Ethnicity (US Citizens and Permanent Residents Only) 8/1/2018 Graduate School Enrollment Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ Survey Characteristics This survey produces national estimates of graduate students, postdocs, and non-faculty researchers in all U.S. academic institutions that granted doctorates or master's degrees in any science, engineering, or selected health-related field Survey Dates: 1966-2004 Field Specifications: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Biology, Biometry/epidemiology, Biophysics, Botany, Cell biology, Ecology, Entomology/parasitology, Genetics, Microbiology/immunology/virology, Nutrition, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Zoology, and Biosciences, nec Health sciences: (Medical fields): Anesthesiology, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Hematology, Neurology, Obstetrics/gynecology, Oncology/cancer research, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatrics, Preventive medicine/community health, Psychiatry, Pulmonary disease, Radiology, Surgery, Clinical medicine, nec. (Other health): Dental sciences, Nursing, Pharmaceutical sciences, Speech pathology/audiology, Veterinary sciences, Health related, nec Survey Notes: Information is provided by school coordinator or departmental respondent. Includes counts of students and data on key characteristics of interest, such as race/ethnicity, sex, citizenship, and source of funding. Response rates are greater than 95%. Contact Information: Julia D. Oliver Division of Science Resources Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 (703) 292-7809 joliver@nsf.gov Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ 16

Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Sex 8/1/2018 Graduate School Enrollment Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ Survey Characteristics This survey produces national estimates of graduate students, postdocs, and non-faculty researchers in all U.S. academic institutions that granted doctorates or master's degrees in any science, engineering, or selected health-related field Survey Dates: 1966-2004 Field Specifications: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Biology, Biometry/epidemiology, Biophysics, Botany, Cell biology, Ecology, Entomology/parasitology, Genetics, Microbiology/immunology/virology, Nutrition, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Zoology, and Biosciences, nec Health sciences: (Medical fields): Anesthesiology, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Hematology, Neurology, Obstetrics/gynecology, Oncology/cancer research, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatrics, Preventive medicine/community health, Psychiatry, Pulmonary disease, Radiology, Surgery, Clinical medicine, nec. (Other health): Dental sciences, Nursing, Pharmaceutical sciences, Speech pathology/audiology, Veterinary sciences, Health related, nec Survey Notes: Information is provided by school coordinator or departmental respondent. Includes counts of students and data on key characteristics of interest, such as race/ethnicity, sex, citizenship, and source of funding. Response rates are greater than 95%. Contact Information: Julia D. Oliver Division of Science Resources Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 (703) 292-7809 joliver@nsf.gov Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ 17

Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys Full Time Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Mechanism of Support 8/1/2018 Graduate School Enrollment Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ Survey Characteristics This survey produces national estimates of graduate students, postdocs, and non-faculty researchers in all U.S. academic institutions that granted doctorates or master's degrees in any science, engineering, or selected health-related field Survey Dates: 1966-2004 Field Specifications: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Biology, Biometry/epidemiology, Biophysics, Botany, Cell biology, Ecology, Entomology/parasitology, Genetics, Microbiology/immunology/virology, Nutrition, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Zoology, and Biosciences, nec Health sciences: (Medical fields): Anesthesiology, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Hematology, Neurology, Obstetrics/gynecology, Oncology/cancer research, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatrics, Preventive medicine/community health, Psychiatry, Pulmonary disease, Radiology, Surgery, Clinical medicine, nec. (Other health): Dental sciences, Nursing, Pharmaceutical sciences, Speech pathology/audiology, Veterinary sciences, Health related, nec Survey Notes: Information is provided by school coordinator or departmental respondent. Includes counts of students and data on key characteristics of interest, such as race/ethnicity, sex, citizenship, and source of funding. Response rates are greater than 95%. Contact Information: Julia D. Oliver Division of Science Resources Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 (703) 292-7809 joliver@nsf.gov Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ 18

NIH Trainees and Fellows Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys 8/1/2018 NIH Trainees and Fellows 19

Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys Pre-Doctoral and Post-Doctoral Positions on NIH Training Grants and Fellowships 8/1/2018 NIH Trainees and Fellows Source: National Institutes of Health http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/award/award.htm Study Characteristics Information comes from NIH administrative records Survey Dates: 1976-2005 Field Specifications: None Survey Notes: Data are available on training grants, fellowships, predoctoral awards, postdoctoral awards, and degree of recipient, numbers of applications, awards and success rates. Contact Information: Peter Preusch. Ph.D. Office of Extramural Research NIH Source: http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/award/award.htm 20

Fellowship (F32) Applications Reviewed and Awarded Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys Fellowship (F32) Applications Reviewed and Awarded 8/1/2018 NIH Trainees and Fellows Source: National Institutes of Health http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/award/award.htm Study Characteristics Information comes from NIH administrative records Survey Dates: 1976-2005 Field Specifications: None Survey Notes: Data are available on training grants, fellowships, predoctoral awards, postdoctoral awards, and degree of recipient, numbers of applications, awards and success rates. Contact Information: Peter Preusch. Ph.D. Office of Extramural Research NIH Source: http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/award/award.htm 21

NIH Spending on Training Grants and Fellowships Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys NIH Spending on Training Grants and Fellowships 8/1/2018 NIH Spending on Trainees and Fellows Source: National Institutes of Health Office of Budget National Institute of Health Summary of the FY 2008 President’s Budget: http://officeofbudget.od.nih.gov/PDF/Press%20info-2008.pdf National Institute of Health Historical Budget Requests: http://officeofbudget.od.nih.gov/UI/HistoricalBudgetRequests.htm Contact Information: John J. Bartrum Associate Director   bartrumj@od.nih.gov Office of Budget / Office of the Director Mail Stop Code 0148 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20892 (301) 496-4477 Source: http://officeofbudget.od.nih.gov/UI/HistoricalBudgetRequests.htm 22

Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys 8/1/2018 Doctorate Awards 23

Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys Doctorate Degrees Awarded in the Biological and Medical Sciences by Citizenship/Visa Status 8/1/2018 Doctorate Awards Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Earned Doctorates http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/doctorates/ Survey Characteristics Data for the Survey of Earned Doctorates are collected directly from individual doctorate recipients. The questionnaire is distributed through the cooperation of the graduate deans to persons as they are completing their doctorate. In the period from 1996-2005, survey response rates varied between 91 and 93%. Survey Dates: 1957-2005 Field Specifications: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Bacteriology, Biochemistry, Immunology, Biomedical sciences, Biometrics/biostatistics, Biophysics, Biotechnology, Botany/Plant Biology, Cell/Cellular Biology and Histology, Developmental biology/embryology, Ecology, Endocrinology, Entomology, Human/animal genetics, Human/animal pathology, Human/animal pharmacology, Human/animal physiology, Microbiology, Molecular biology, Neuroscience, Nutritional sciences, Parasitology, Plant genetics, Plant pathology/phytopathology, Plant physiology, Toxicology, Zoology, other, Biological sciences, general, Biological Sciences, other Health Sciences: Environmental health, Epidemiology, Kinesiology/Exercise science, Health systems/service administration, Nursing Science, Pharmacy, Public health, Rehabilitation/therapeutic services, Speech/language pathology, audiology, Veterinary science, Health sciences, general, Health sciences, other Survey Notes: Key variables of the survey include: Academic institution attended, Citizenship status at graduation, Country of birth, Country of citizenship, Birth year, Disability status, Educational attainment of parents, Educational history after high school, Field of degree specialty (N = 287), Field of employment, Financial support (e.g., fellowship, research assistantship), Kind of academic institution that conferred degree (e.g., Carnegie classification, size, public or private), Kind of employment planned (e.g., postdoctoral appointment, employment sector), Marital status, Number of dependents, Place of birth, Postgraduation plans, Race and Hispanic ethnicity (by subgroup), Sex, and Work activity planned after doctoral degree. Contact Information: Jaqui Falkenheim Human Resources Statistics Program Division of Science Resources Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/doctorates/ 24

Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys Doctorate Degrees Awarded in the Biological and Medical Sciences by Ethnicity (US Citizens and Permanent Residents Only) 8/1/2018 Doctorate Awards Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Earned Doctorates http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/doctorates/ Survey Characteristics Data for the Survey of Earned Doctorates are collected directly from individual doctorate recipients. The questionnaire is distributed through the cooperation of the graduate deans to persons as they are completing their doctorate. In the period from 1996-2005, survey response rates varied between 91 and 93%. Survey Dates: 1957-2005 Field Specifications: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Bacteriology, Biochemistry, Immunology, Biomedical sciences, Biometrics/biostatistics, Biophysics, Biotechnology, Botany/Plant Biology, Cell/Cellular Biology and Histology, Developmental biology/embryology, Ecology, Endocrinology, Entomology, Human/animal genetics, Human/animal pathology, Human/animal pharmacology, Human/animal physiology, Microbiology, Molecular biology, Neuroscience, Nutritional sciences, Parasitology, Plant genetics, Plant pathology/phytopathology, Plant physiology, Toxicology, Zoology, other, Biological sciences, general, Biological Sciences, other Health Sciences: Environmental health, Epidemiology, Kinesiology/Exercise science, Health systems/service administration, Nursing Science, Pharmacy, Public health, Rehabilitation/therapeutic services, Speech/language pathology, audiology, Veterinary science, Health sciences, general, Health sciences, other Survey Notes: Key variables of the survey include: Academic institution attended, Citizenship status at graduation, Country of birth, Country of citizenship, Birth year, Disability status, Educational attainment of parents, Educational history after high school, Field of degree specialty (N = 287), Field of employment, Financial support (e.g., fellowship, research assistantship), Kind of academic institution that conferred degree (e.g., Carnegie classification, size, public or private), Kind of employment planned (e.g., postdoctoral appointment, employment sector), Marital status, Number of dependents, Place of birth, Postgraduation plans, Race and Hispanic ethnicity (by subgroup), Sex, and Work activity planned after doctoral degree. Contact Information: Jaqui Falkenheim Human Resources Statistics Program Division of Science Resources Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/doctorates/ 25

Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys Doctorate Degrees Awarded in the Biological and Medical Sciences by Sex 8/1/2018 Doctorate Awards Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Earned Doctorates http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/doctorates/ Survey Characteristics Data for the Survey of Earned Doctorates are collected directly from individual doctorate recipients. The questionnaire is distributed through the cooperation of the graduate deans to persons as they are completing their doctorate. In the period from 1996-2005, survey response rates varied between 91 and 93%. Survey Dates: 1957-2005 Field Specifications: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Bacteriology, Biochemistry, Immunology, Biomedical sciences, Biometrics/biostatistics, Biophysics, Biotechnology, Botany/Plant Biology, Cell/Cellular Biology and Histology, Developmental biology/embryology, Ecology, Endocrinology, Entomology, Human/animal genetics, Human/animal pathology, Human/animal pharmacology, Human/animal physiology, Microbiology, Molecular biology, Neuroscience, Nutritional sciences, Parasitology, Plant genetics, Plant pathology/phytopathology, Plant physiology, Toxicology, Zoology, other, Biological sciences, general, Biological Sciences, other Health Sciences: Environmental health, Epidemiology, Kinesiology/Exercise science, Health systems/service administration, Nursing Science, Pharmacy, Public health, Rehabilitation/therapeutic services, Speech/language pathology, audiology, Veterinary science, Health sciences, general, Health sciences, other Survey Notes: Key variables of the survey include: Academic institution attended, Citizenship status at graduation, Country of birth, Country of citizenship, Birth year, Disability status, Educational attainment of parents, Educational history after high school, Field of degree specialty (N = 287), Field of employment, Financial support (e.g., fellowship, research assistantship), Kind of academic institution that conferred degree (e.g., Carnegie classification, size, public or private), Kind of employment planned (e.g., postdoctoral appointment, employment sector), Marital status, Number of dependents, Place of birth, Postgraduation plans, Race and Hispanic ethnicity (by subgroup), Sex, and Work activity planned after doctoral degree. Contact Information: Jaqui Falkenheim Human Resources Statistics Program Division of Science Resources Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/doctorates/ 26

Academic Postdoctoral Appointments Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys 8/1/2018 Academic Postdoctoral Appointments 27

Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Citizenship/Visa Status Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Citizenship/Visa Status 8/1/2018 Academic Postdoctoral Appointments Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ Survey Characteristics The data represent national estimates of graduate students, postdocs, and non-faculty researchers in all U.S. academic institutions that granted doctorates or master's degrees in any science, engineering, or selected health-related field Survey Dates: 1966-2004 Field Specifications: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Biology, Biometry/epidemiology, Biophysics, Botany, Cell biology, Ecology, Entomology/parasitology, Genetics, Microbiology/immunology/virology, Nutrition, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Zoology, and Biosciences, nec Health: (Medical fields): Anesthesiology, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Hematology, Neurology, Obstetrics/gynecology, Oncology/cancer research, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatrics, Preventive medicine/community health, Psychiatry, Pulmonary disease, Radiology, Surgery, Clinical medicine, nec. (Other health): Dental sciences, Nursing, Pharmaceutical sciences, Speech pathology/audiology, Veterinary sciences, Health related, nec Survey Notes: Data are provided by the school coordinator or departmental respondent. Survey collects data on key characteristics of interest, such as race/ethnicity, sex, citizenship, and source of funding. Response rates are greater than 95%. Contact Information: Julia D. Oliver Division of Science Resources Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 (703) 292-7809 joliver@nsf.gov Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ 28

Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Degree and Citizenship/Visa Status 8/1/2018 Academic Postdoctoral Appointments Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ Survey Characteristics The data represent national estimates of graduate students, postdocs, and non-faculty researchers in all U.S. academic institutions that granted doctorates or master's degrees in any science, engineering, or selected health-related field Survey Dates: 1966-2004 Field Specifications: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Biology, Biometry/epidemiology, Biophysics, Botany, Cell biology, Ecology, Entomology/parasitology, Genetics, Microbiology/immunology/virology, Nutrition, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Zoology, and Biosciences, nec Health: (Medical fields): Anesthesiology, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Hematology, Neurology, Obstetrics/gynecology, Oncology/cancer research, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatrics, Preventive medicine/community health, Psychiatry, Pulmonary disease, Radiology, Surgery, Clinical medicine, nec. (Other health): Dental sciences, Nursing, Pharmaceutical sciences, Speech pathology/audiology, Veterinary sciences, Health related, nec Survey Notes: Data are provided by the school coordinator or departmental respondent. Survey collects data on key characteristics of interest, such as race/ethnicity, sex, citizenship, and source of funding. Response rates are greater than 95%. Contact Information: Julia D. Oliver Division of Science Resources Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 (703) 292-7809 joliver@nsf.gov Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ 29

Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Sex and Citizenship/ Visa Status 8/1/2018 Academic Postdoctoral Appointments Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ Survey Characteristics The data represent national estimates of graduate students, postdocs, and non-faculty researchers in all U.S. academic institutions that granted doctorates or master's degrees in any science, engineering, or selected health-related field Survey Dates: 1966-2004 Field Specifications: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Biology, Biometry/epidemiology, Biophysics, Botany, Cell biology, Ecology, Entomology/parasitology, Genetics, Microbiology/immunology/virology, Nutrition, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Zoology, and Biosciences, nec Health: (Medical fields): Anesthesiology, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Hematology, Neurology, Obstetrics/gynecology, Oncology/cancer research, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatrics, Preventive medicine/community health, Psychiatry, Pulmonary disease, Radiology, Surgery, Clinical medicine, nec. (Other health): Dental sciences, Nursing, Pharmaceutical sciences, Speech pathology/audiology, Veterinary sciences, Health related, nec Survey Notes: Data are provided by the school coordinator or departmental respondent. Survey collects data on key characteristics of interest, such as race/ethnicity, sex, citizenship, and source of funding. Response rates are greater than 95%. Contact Information: Julia D. Oliver Division of Science Resources Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 (703) 292-7809 joliver@nsf.gov Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ 30

Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Source of Support Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Source of Support 8/1/2018 Academic Postdoctoral Appointments Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ Survey Characteristics The data represent national estimates of graduate students, postdocs, and non-faculty researchers in all U.S. academic institutions that granted doctorates or master's degrees in any science, engineering, or selected health-related field Survey Dates: 1966-2004 Field Specifications: Biological sciences: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Biology, Biometry/epidemiology, Biophysics, Botany, Cell biology, Ecology, Entomology/parasitology, Genetics, Microbiology/immunology/virology, Nutrition, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Zoology, and Biosciences, nec Health: (Medical fields): Anesthesiology, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Hematology, Neurology, Obstetrics/gynecology, Oncology/cancer research, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatrics, Preventive medicine/community health, Psychiatry, Pulmonary disease, Radiology, Surgery, Clinical medicine, nec. (Other health): Dental sciences, Nursing, Pharmaceutical sciences, Speech pathology/audiology, Veterinary sciences, Health related, nec Survey Notes: Data are provided by the school coordinator or departmental respondent. Survey collects data on key characteristics of interest, such as race/ethnicity, sex, citizenship, and source of funding. Response rates are greater than 95%. Contact Information: Julia D. Oliver Division of Science Resources Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 (703) 292-7809 joliver@nsf.gov Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/ 31

Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys 8/1/2018 Postdoctoral Appointments for Individuals with PhDs from US Institutions 32

Percent of US Biomedical PhDs with Postdoc 1-2 Years Post-PhD Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys Percent of US Biomedical PhDs with Postdoc 1-2 Years Post-PhD 8/1/2018 Postdoctoral Appointments for Individuals with Ph.D.s from U.S. Institutions Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Doctorate Recipients For information on the survey: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvydoctoratework/ For data access: http://sestat.nsf.gov Survey Characteristics The Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR) administers an extensive battery of questions to a stratified random sample of Ph.D. recipients from U.S. doctorate granting institutions. This panel survey interviews members of the sample at regular intervals, offering a unique perspective on career progression. Survey Dates: 1973, 1977, 1981, 1985, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003 Field Specifications Used for These Tabulations: Biomedical science: Anatomy, Bacteriology, Biochemistry, Biometrics and Biostatistics, Biophysics, Biotechnology Research, Cell Biology, Developmental Biology/Embryology, Endocrinology, Genetics, Animal and Plant, Genetics, Human and Animal, Hydrobiology, Immunology, Microbiology, Microbiology and Bacteriology, Molecular Biology, Neuroscience, Nutritional Sciences, Parasitology, Pathology, Human and Animal, Pharmacology, Human and Animal, Physiology, Human and Animal, Toxicology, Zoology, Biological Sciences, General, Biological Sciences, Other Survey Notes: Since 1993, the response rates for the surveys have ranged between 77 and 87 percent. Key variables include: Citizenship status, Country of birth, Country of citizenship, Date of birth , Disability status, Educational history (for each degree held: field, level, institution, when received), Employment status (unemployed, employed part time, or employed full time), Geographic place of employment, Immigrant module (year of entry, type of entry visa, reasons) for coming to U.S., etc.), Marital status, Number of children, Occupation (current or past job) Primary work activity (e.g., teaching, basic research, etc.), Postdoctorate status, Publication and patent activities, Race/ethnicity, Salary, Satisfaction and importance of various aspects of job, School enrollment status, Sector of employment (e.g., academia, industry, government, etc.), Sex, and Work-related training Contact Information: Nirmala Kannankutty Senior Analyst Human Resources Statistics Program Division of Science Resources Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 E-mail: nkannank@nsf.gov Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/ 33

Percent of US Biomedical PhDs with Postdoc 3-4 Years Post-PhD Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys Percent of US Biomedical PhDs with Postdoc 3-4 Years Post-PhD 8/1/2018 Postdoctoral Appointments for Individuals with Ph.D.s from U.S. Institutions Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Doctorate Recipients For information on the survey: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvydoctoratework/ For data access: http://sestat.nsf.gov Survey Characteristics The Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR) administers an extensive battery of questions to a stratified random sample of Ph.D. recipients from U.S. doctorate granting institutions. This panel survey interviews members of the sample at regular intervals, offering a unique perspective on career progression. Survey Dates: 1973, 1977, 1981, 1985, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003 Field Specifications Used for These Tabulations: Biomedical science: Anatomy, Bacteriology, Biochemistry, Biometrics and Biostatistics, Biophysics, Biotechnology Research, Cell Biology, Developmental Biology/Embryology, Endocrinology, Genetics, Animal and Plant, Genetics, Human and Animal, Hydrobiology, Immunology, Microbiology, Microbiology and Bacteriology, Molecular Biology, Neuroscience, Nutritional Sciences, Parasitology, Pathology, Human and Animal, Pharmacology, Human and Animal, Physiology, Human and Animal, Toxicology, Zoology, Biological Sciences, General, Biological Sciences, Other Survey Notes: Since 1993, the response rates for the surveys have ranged between 77 and 87 percent. Key variables include: Citizenship status, Country of birth, Country of citizenship, Date of birth , Disability status, Educational history (for each degree held: field, level, institution, when received), Employment status (unemployed, employed part time, or employed full time), Geographic place of employment, Immigrant module (year of entry, type of entry visa, reasons) for coming to U.S., etc.), Marital status, Number of children, Occupation (current or past job) Primary work activity (e.g., teaching, basic research, etc.), Postdoctorate status, Publication and patent activities, Race/ethnicity, Salary, Satisfaction and importance of various aspects of job, School enrollment status, Sector of employment (e.g., academia, industry, government, etc.), Sex, and Work-related training Contact Information: Nirmala Kannankutty Senior Analyst Human Resources Statistics Program Division of Science Resources Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 E-mail: nkannank@nsf.gov Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/ 34

Stay Rates of Foreign Doctorate Recipients from US Universities Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys 8/1/2018 Stay Rates of Foreign Doctorate Recipients from US Universities 35

Stay Rates for Temporary Residents with Life Sciences Doctorates Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys Stay Rates for Temporary Residents with Life Sciences Doctorates 8/1/2018 Stay Rates of Foreign Doctorate Recipients from U.S. Universities Source: Stay Rate Publications Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Science Education Programs http://orise.orau.gov/sep/pubs.htm Study Characteristics This series of studies uses income and Social Security tax records to estimate the proportion of foreign doctorate recipients from U.S. universities who stayed in the United States after graduation. Survey Dates: 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003 Field Specifications: Life science (exclusive of agricultural science) Notes: Temporary residents earning a doctoral degree in one of the sciences were identified from the NSF Survey of Earned Doctorates for the years of interest. Survey staff then prepared a diskette containing the birth years and Social Security numbers of these individuals for matching with tax records. The stay rate is the proportion in a group that was recorded by the Social Security Administration to have paid either Federal income taxes and/or Social Security taxes on at least $5,000 in earnings. Due to confidentiality concerns, only aggregate summaries are produced. Contact Information: Michael G. Finn Science and Engineering Education Source: http://orise.orau.gov/sep/pubs.htm 36

Employment Status of Individuals with PhDs from US Institutions Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys 8/1/2018 Employment Status of Individuals with PhDs from US Institutions 37

Employment of Biomedical Science PhDs by Sector of Employment Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys Employment of Biomedical Science PhDs by Sector of Employment 8/1/2018 Employment Status of Individuals with Ph.D.s from U.S. Institutions Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Doctorate Recipients For information on the survey: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvydoctoratework/ For data access: http://sestat.nsf.gov Survey Characteristics The Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR) administers an extensive battery of questions to a stratified random sample of Ph.D. recipients from U.S. doctorate granting institutions. This panel survey interviews members of the sample at regular intervals, offering a unique perspective on career progression. Survey Dates: 1973, 1977, 1981, 1985, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003 Field Specifications Used for These Tabulations: Biomedical science: Anatomy, Bacteriology, Biochemistry, Biometrics and Biostatistics, Biophysics, Biotechnology Research, Cell Biology, Developmental Biology/Embryology, Endocrinology, Genetics, Animal and Plant, Genetics, Human and Animal, Hydrobiology, Immunology, Microbiology, Microbiology and Bacteriology, Molecular Biology, Neuroscience, Nutritional Sciences, Parasitology, Pathology, Human and Animal, Pharmacology, Human and Animal, Physiology, Human and Animal, Toxicology, Zoology, Biological Sciences, General, Biological Sciences, Other Survey Notes: Since 1993, the response rates for the surveys have ranged between 77 and 87 percent. Key variables include: Citizenship status, Country of birth, Country of citizenship, Date of birth, Disability status, Educational history (for each degree held: field, level, institution, when received), Employment status (unemployed, employed part time, or employed full time), Geographic place of employment, Immigrant module (year of entry, type of entry visa, reasons) for coming to U.S., etc.), Marital status, Number of children, Occupation (current or past job) Primary work activity (e.g., teaching, basic research, etc.), Postdoctorate status, Publication and patent activities, Race/ethnicity, Salary, Satisfaction and importance of various aspects of job, School enrollment status, Sector of employment (e.g., academia, industry, government, etc.), Sex, and Work-related training Contact Information: Nirmala Kannankutty Senior Analyst Human Resources Statistics Program Division of Science Resources Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 E-mail: nkannank@nsf.gov Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/ 38

Distribution of Biomedical Science PhDs by Sector of Employment Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys Distribution of Biomedical Science PhDs by Sector of Employment 8/1/2018 Employment Status of Individuals with Ph.D.s from U.S. Institutions Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Doctorate Recipients For information on the survey: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvydoctoratework/ For data access: http://sestat.nsf.gov Survey Characteristics The Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR) administers an extensive battery of questions to a stratified random sample of Ph.D. recipients from U.S. doctorate granting institutions. This panel survey interviews members of the sample at regular intervals, offering a unique perspective on career progression. Survey Dates: 1973, 1977, 1981, 1985, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003 Field Specifications Used for These Tabulations: Biomedical science: Anatomy, Bacteriology, Biochemistry, Biometrics and Biostatistics, Biophysics, Biotechnology Research, Cell Biology, Developmental Biology/Embryology, Endocrinology, Genetics, Animal and Plant, Genetics, Human and Animal, Hydrobiology, Immunology, Microbiology, Microbiology and Bacteriology, Molecular Biology, Neuroscience, Nutritional Sciences, Parasitology, Pathology, Human and Animal, Pharmacology, Human and Animal, Physiology, Human and Animal, Toxicology, Zoology, Biological Sciences, General, Biological Sciences, Other Survey Notes: Since 1993, the response rates for the surveys have ranged between 77 and 87 percent. Key variables include: Citizenship status, Country of birth, Country of citizenship, Date of birth, Disability status, Educational history (for each degree held: field, level, institution, when received), Employment status (unemployed, employed part time, or employed full time), Geographic place of employment, Immigrant module (year of entry, type of entry visa, reasons) for coming to U.S., etc.), Marital status, Number of children, Occupation (current or past job) Primary work activity (e.g., teaching, basic research, etc.), Postdoctorate status, Publication and patent activities, Race/ethnicity, Salary, Satisfaction and importance of various aspects of job, School enrollment status, Sector of employment (e.g., academia, industry, government, etc.), Sex, and Work-related training Contact Information: Nirmala Kannankutty Senior Analyst Human Resources Statistics Program Division of Science Resources Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 E-mail: nkannank@nsf.gov Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/ 39

Academically Employed Biomedical PhDs by Tenure Status Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys Academically Employed Biomedical PhDs by Tenure Status 8/1/2018 Employment Status of Individuals with Ph.D.s from U.S. Institutions Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Doctorate Recipients For information on the survey: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvydoctoratework/ For data access: http://sestat.nsf.gov Survey Characteristics The Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR) administers an extensive battery of questions to a stratified random sample of Ph.D. recipients from U.S. doctorate granting institutions. This panel survey interviews members of the sample at regular intervals, offering a unique perspective on career progression. Survey Dates: 1973, 1977, 1981, 1985, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003 Field Specifications Used for These Tabulations: Biomedical science: Anatomy, Bacteriology, Biochemistry, Biometrics and Biostatistics, Biophysics, Biotechnology Research, Cell Biology, Developmental Biology/Embryology, Endocrinology, Genetics, Animal and Plant, Genetics, Human and Animal, Hydrobiology, Immunology, Microbiology, Microbiology and Bacteriology, Molecular Biology, Neuroscience, Nutritional Sciences, Parasitology, Pathology, Human and Animal, Pharmacology, Human and Animal, Physiology, Human and Animal, Toxicology, Zoology, Biological Sciences, General, Biological Sciences, Other Survey Notes: Since 1993, the response rates for the surveys have ranged between 77 and 87 percent. Key variables include: Citizenship status, Country of birth, Country of citizenship, Date of birth, Disability status, Educational history (for each degree held: field, level, institution, when received), Employment status (unemployed, employed part time, or employed full time), Geographic place of employment, Immigrant module (year of entry, type of entry visa, reason's) for coming to U.S., etc.), Marital status, Number of children, Occupation (current or past job) Primary work activity (e.g., teaching, basic research, etc.), Postdoctorate status, Publication and patent activities, Race/ethnicity, Salary, Satisfaction and importance of various aspects of job, School enrollment status, Sector of employment (e.g., academia, industry, government, etc.), Sex, and Work-related training Contact Information: Nirmala Kannankutty Senior Analyst Human Resources Statistics Program Division of Science Resources Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 E-mail: nkannank@nsf.gov Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/ 40

Distribution of Academically Employed Biomedical PhDs by Tenure Status Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys Distribution of Academically Employed Biomedical PhDs by Tenure Status 8/1/2018 Employment Status of Individuals with Ph.D.s from U.S. Institutions Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Doctorate Recipients For information on the survey: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvydoctoratework/ For data access: http://sestat.nsf.gov Survey Characteristics The Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR) administers an extensive battery of questions to a stratified random sample of Ph.D. recipients from U.S. doctorate granting institutions. This panel survey interviews members of the sample at regular intervals, offering a unique perspective on career progression. Survey Dates: 1973, 1977, 1981, 1985, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003 Field Specifications Used for These Tabulations: Biomedical science: Anatomy, Bacteriology, Biochemistry, Biometrics and Biostatistics, Biophysics, Biotechnology Research, Cell Biology, Developmental Biology/Embryology, Endocrinology, Genetics, Animal and Plant, Genetics, Human and Animal, Hydrobiology, Immunology, Microbiology, Microbiology and Bacteriology, Molecular Biology, Neuroscience, Nutritional Sciences, Parasitology, Pathology, Human and Animal, Pharmacology, Human and Animal, Physiology, Human and Animal, Toxicology, Zoology, Biological Sciences, General, Biological Sciences, Other Survey Notes: Since 1993, the response rates for the surveys have ranged between 77 and 87 percent. Key variables include: Citizenship status, Country of birth, Country of citizenship, Date of birth, Disability status, Educational history (for each degree held: field, level, institution, when received), Employment status (unemployed, employed part time, or employed full time), Geographic place of employment, Immigrant module (year of entry, type of entry visa, reason's) for coming to U.S., etc.), Marital status, Number of children, Occupation (current or past job) Primary work activity (e.g., teaching, basic research, etc.), Postdoctorate status, Publication and patent activities, Race/ethnicity, Salary, Satisfaction and importance of various aspects of job, School enrollment status, Sector of employment (e.g., academia, industry, government, etc.), Sex, and Work-related training Contact Information: Nirmala Kannankutty Senior Analyst Human Resources Statistics Program Division of Science Resources Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 E-mail: nkannank@nsf.gov Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/ 41

Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys Percent of US Biomedical Science PhDs Holding Tenure or Tenure-Track Positions, Total 8/1/2018 Employment Status of Individuals with Ph.D.s from U.S. Institutions Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Doctorate Recipients For information on the survey: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvydoctoratework/ For data access: http://sestat.nsf.gov Survey Characteristics The Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR) administers an extensive battery of questions to a stratified random sample of Ph.D. recipients from U.S. doctorate granting institutions. This panel survey interviews members of the sample at regular intervals, offering a unique perspective on career progression. Survey Dates: 1973, 1977, 1981, 1985, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003 Field Specifications Used for These Tabulations: Biomedical science: Anatomy, Bacteriology, Biochemistry, Biometrics and Biostatistics, Biophysics, Biotechnology Research, Cell Biology, Developmental Biology/Embryology, Endocrinology, Genetics, Animal and Plant, Genetics, Human and Animal, Hydrobiology, Immunology, Microbiology, Microbiology and Bacteriology, Molecular Biology, Neuroscience, Nutritional Sciences, Parasitology, Pathology, Human and Animal, Pharmacology, Human and Animal, Physiology, Human and Animal, Toxicology, Zoology, Biological Sciences, General, Biological Sciences, Other Survey Notes: Since 1993, the response rates for the surveys have ranged between 77 and 87 percent. Key variables include: Citizenship status, Country of birth, Country of citizenship, Date of birth, Disability status, Educational history (for each degree held: field, level, institution, when received), Employment status (unemployed, employed part time, or employed full time), Geographic place of employment, Immigrant module (year of entry, type of entry visa, reason's) for coming to U.S., etc.), Marital status, Number of children, Occupation (current or past job) Primary work activity (e.g., teaching, basic research, etc.), Postdoctorate status, Publication and patent activities, Race/ethnicity, Salary, Satisfaction and importance of various aspects of job, School enrollment status, Sector of employment (e.g., academia, industry, government, etc.), Sex, and Work-related training Contact Information: Nirmala Kannankutty Senior Analyst Human Resources Statistics Program Division of Science Resources Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 E-mail: nkannank@nsf.gov Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/ 42

Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys Percent of US Biomedical Science PhDs Holding Tenure or Tenure-Track Positions 5-6 Years Post-PhD 8/1/2018 Employment Status of Individuals with Ph.D.s from U.S. Institutions Source: National Science Foundation Survey of Doctorate Recipients For information on the survey: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvydoctoratework/ For data access: http://sestat.nsf.gov Survey Characteristics The Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR) administers an extensive battery of questions to a stratified random sample of Ph.D. recipients from U.S. doctorate granting institutions. This panel survey interviews members of the sample at regular intervals, offering a unique perspective on career progression. Survey Dates: 1973, 1977, 1981, 1985, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003 Field Specifications Used for These Tabulations: Biomedical science: Anatomy, Bacteriology, Biochemistry, Biometrics and Biostatistics, Biophysics, Biotechnology Research, Cell Biology, Developmental Biology/Embryology, Endocrinology, Genetics, Animal and Plant, Genetics, Human and Animal, Hydrobiology, Immunology, Microbiology, Microbiology and Bacteriology, Molecular Biology, Neuroscience, Nutritional Sciences, Parasitology, Pathology, Human and Animal, Pharmacology, Human and Animal, Physiology, Human and Animal, Toxicology, Zoology, Biological Sciences, General, Biological Sciences, Other Survey Notes: Since 1993, the response rates for the surveys have ranged between 77 and 87 percent. Key variables include: Citizenship status, Country of birth, Country of citizenship, Date of birth, Disability status, Educational history (for each degree held: field, level, institution, when received), Employment status (unemployed, employed part time, or employed full time), Geographic place of employment, Immigrant module (year of entry, type of entry visa, reason's) for coming to U.S., etc.), Marital status, Number of children, Occupation (current or past job) Primary work activity (e.g., teaching, basic research, etc.), Postdoctorate status, Publication and patent activities, Race/ethnicity, Salary, Satisfaction and importance of various aspects of job, School enrollment status, Sector of employment (e.g., academia, industry, government, etc.), Sex, and Work-related training Contact Information: Nirmala Kannankutty Senior Analyst Human Resources Statistics Program Division of Science Resources Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 E-mail: nkannank@nsf.gov Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/ 43

Medical School Faculty Appointments Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys 8/1/2018 Medical School Faculty Appointments 44

Medical School Faculty Members by Degree and Department Type Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys Medical School Faculty Members by Degree and Department Type 8/1/2018 Medical School Faculty Appointments Source: Faculty Roster Association of American Medical Colleges http://www.aamc.org/data/facultyroster/reports.htm Survey Characteristics The AAMC collects comprehensive information on the characteristics of paid faculty members at accredited U.S. allopathic medical schools. When individuals are first appointed to faculty positions, medical schools submit educational, employment, and demographic data to the Faculty Roster, and updates are made as needed. Institutional participation in the Faculty Roster is voluntary. Survey Dates: 1966-2006 Field Specifications: Basic Sciences: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Pathology (Basic Science), Pharmacology, Physiology, Other Basic Sciences Clinical Sciences: Anesthesiology, Dermatology, Emergency Medicine, Family Medicine, Internal Medicine, Neurology, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Ophthalmology, Orthopedic Surgery, Otolaryngology, Pathology (Clinical), Pediatrics, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Psychiatry, Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Radiology, Surgery, Other Clinical Sciences, Other: Dentistry, Other Health Professions, Social Sciences, Veterinary Sciences Survey Notes: Tabulations are made by Department, School, Academic Rank, Race/Ethnicity, Degree, Sex, Tenure Status Contact Information: Hershel Alexander, Ph.D. Director, Faculty Data Systems and Studies halexander@aamc.org Source: http://www.aamc.org/data/facultyroster/reports.htm 45

Total and New Faculty 1970 to 2006 in US Medical Schools Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys Total and New Faculty 1970 to 2006 in US Medical Schools 8/1/2018 Medical School Faculty Appointments Source: Faculty Roster Association of American Medical Colleges http://www.aamc.org/data/facultyroster/reports.htm Survey Characteristics The AAMC collects comprehensive information on the characteristics of paid faculty members at accredited U.S. allopathic medical schools. When individuals are first appointed to faculty positions, medical schools submit educational, employment, and demographic data to the Faculty Roster, and updates are made as needed. Institutional participation in the Faculty Roster is voluntary. Survey Dates: 1966-2006 Field Specifications: Basic Sciences: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Pathology (Basic Science), Pharmacology, Physiology, Other Basic Sciences Clinical Sciences: Anesthesiology, Dermatology, Emergency Medicine, Family Medicine, Internal Medicine, Neurology, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Ophthalmology, Orthopedic Surgery, Otolaryngology, Pathology (Clinical), Pediatrics, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Psychiatry, Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Radiology, Surgery, Other Clinical Sciences, Other: Dentistry, Other Health Professions, Social Sciences, Veterinary Sciences Survey Notes: Tabulations are made by Department, School, Academic Rank, Race/Ethnicity, Degree, Sex, Tenure Status Contact Information: Hershel Alexander, Ph.D. Director, Faculty Data Systems and Studies halexander@aamc.org Source: http://www.aamc.org 46

NIH Grant Applications and Awards Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys 8/1/2018 NIH Grant Applications and Awards 47

Average Age of First Time R01 Equivalent Investigators Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys Average Age of First Time R01 Equivalent Investigators 8/1/2018 NIH Grant Applications and Awards Source: Office of Extramural Research National Institutes of Health http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/award/award.htm Survey Characteristics: Information reflects the complete population of NIH grant applicants and awardees Survey Dates: 1970-2006 Field Specifications: Data are compiled by funding Institute and Center and are not coded by investigator’s field of research Notes: Information on applications and awards is presented by funding activity, mechanism, type of grant (competing/non-competing), funding institute or center, state, congressional district, and type of institution. Occasional tabulations are presented by characteristics of applicant/awardee: sex, degree, first-time award recipient and age. Contact Information: DSAMail@mail.nih.gov Source: http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/award/award.htm 48

Number of Competing Awards (Including First R01) Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys Number of Competing Awards (Including First R01) 8/1/2018 NIH Grant Applications and Awards Source: Office of Extramural Research National Institutes of Health http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/award/award.htm Survey Characteristics: Information reflects the complete population of NIH grant applicants and awardees Survey Dates: 1970-2006 Field Specifications: Data are compiled by funding Institute and Center and are not coded by investigator’s field of research Notes: Information on applications and awards is presented by funding activity, mechanism, type of grant (competing/non-competing), funding institute or center, state, congressional district, and type of institution. Occasional tabulations are presented by characteristics of applicant/awardee: sex, degree, first-time award recipient and age. Contact Information: DSAMail@mail.nih.gov Source: http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/award/award.htm 49

Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists: Data from National Surveys 8/1/2018 For comments or questions, please contact Kimberly McGuire at kmcguire@faseb.org or call 301-634-7650.