Events April-Aug 1789 Revolutions Unit 3 AOS 1 Date: 1/08/2018 Learning intention: SWBAT explain how the Estates General and the establishment of the National Assembly contributed to a revolutionary situation Success Criteria Take at least 15 dot points on slides In a group develop a 4 dot-point structure to an exam question

The Fall of the Bastille Events April-Aug 1789 Estates General National Assembly The Reveillon Riots The Tennis Court Oath The Fall of the Bastille The Municipal Revolt The Rural Revolt The Great Fear The Night of August 4

The Fall of the Bastille Events April-Aug 1789 Estates General National Assembly The Reveillon Riots The Tennis Court Oath The Fall of the Bastille The Municipal Revolt The Rural Revolt The Great Fear The Night of August 4

Events April-Aug 1789 At end of April 1789 the delegates to the E.G begin to arrive How they got there: Nobility – direct vote (all males over 25 voted) Clergy – mix of direct and indirect Third estate – Indirectly – all males over 25 could vote for electors who then met in district conventions to choose their representatives to be delegates Most of the Society of Thirty became deputies E.g. Target, Lafayette, Tallyrand, Sieyes etc. Almost half of the Third Estate deputies were lawyers

Social distinctions between the Estates were a problem from the start Events April-Aug 1789 Social distinctions between the Estates were a problem from the start E.g. Clergy were received by the King first and had a private session with the King (closed door), Nobility didn’t get closed doors but were received by the King. The Third Estate were made to wait for over three hours for their audience and were not admitted to the hall of mirrors as the other two orders were. They were instead taken to a smaller Salon where they simply passed in single file before the King Dress was also important – third estate wore simple black clothes, others wore more sophisticated garb.

Events April-Aug 1789 Thursday May 6 was the day of the opening ceremony Most of the deputies were keen to see Louis XVI lead them through a programme of reforms to fix the financial crisis and address social tensions Instead he made a pretty lousy opening speech Necker spoke for three hours about finance – Louis XVI fell asleep! Louis also struggling through the death of his sone

Events April-Aug 1789 Opening ceremony

Events April-Aug 1789 Friday May 6 the deputies all met in their separate estates or chambers to verify their credentials. Voting by head or estate was still not sorted Rather than checking the credentials of their deputies as the other two estates were, the Third Estate demanded that every deputy should be present to undertake the process of verification

Events April-Aug 1789 The deputies refused to organise themselves, elect leaders nor adopt any rules of procedure The only thing they did do, was elect Jean-Sylvain Bailly to control the debates

Events April-Aug 1789 By the end of May, they were still in deadlock – the Third Estate had done nothing to organise themselves or verify the credentials of their deputies. The third estate tried to break it by sending a delegation to the First Estate to try and get some of the more liberal deputies to come and join them.

Events April-Aug 1789 By the end of May, they were still in deadlock – the Third Estate had done nothing to organise themselves or verify the credentials of their deputies. The third estate tried to break it by sending a delegation to the First Estate to try and get some of the more liberal deputies to come and join them. This made sense as the First Estate were already divided – upper clergy were keen on voting by order while many of the lower clergy sympathised with the Third Estate There was a big divide within the First Estate Wealthy Bishops: earned 50,000 livres a year Village Priest: 700 livres per year These guys also lived in their communities so had a knowledge of the suffering of the poor Almost 2/3 of the 303 elected First Estate deputies were parish priests

Events April-Aug 1789 Many of the bishops were pretty liberal and keen to join the Third The majority were reluctant to join. They refuse and the delay continues

Events April-Aug 1789 On the 12th of June, the Commons began the process of verification On the 13th of June, three Clergymen joined them They were welcomed by thunderous applause More followed on the 14th and the 17th On the 17th of June, the Commons declared themselves the National Assembly of France

Events April-Aug 1789 On the 17th of June, the Commons declared themselves the National Assembly of France This is a pretty big deal This becomes known as the Declaration of 17 June Sieyes Break in convention Challenge of the King’s authority – challenge of the Authority of the E.G This marks the beginning of the real revolution and it was largely a result of the indecision of Louis VXI He had failed to rule on voting by head vs. estate when he doubled deputies in 1788 He had procrastinated for 6 weeks from may-june 1789 This was partly because he was mourning the death of his son The commons hardened their opposition during this period of indecision The voice of public opinion was firmly on the side of the rebels and popular journals and pamphlets made the political situation a common debate

Events April-Aug 1789 On June 19, the clergy voted to join the National Assembly endorsing the declaration of June 17 When the National Assembly arrived to begin their discussion, they found the doors locked and placards announcing the calling of a Séance Royal to be held on 23 June to announce the formation of a National Assembly illegal.