English As a Global Lenguage Gabriel Jasso Samantha Sánchez Patricio Félix Juan Carlos Costales

The social-economic argument. An expensive multilingual support policy is undesirable, no country could afford a language policy which try to give official protection to so many languages. There is a difficult way to select which language protect or receive an official reconnection until it rich a certain point of growth. Provide alternative language services is a highly wasteful of resources, that money can be spend in improving the English-language ability of the immigrants to the USA.

The social-economic argument: Against The fear is that the public domain will gradually erode the private one, ultimately threating freedom of speech. An important complication is that any new layer of federal control would also have o be implemented alongside the individual laws enacted bye several states. Anti-official supporters claim that the withdrawal of resources and the fresh focus on English is bound to harm the provision of services in these languages, such as health care and law enforcement.

Educational Issues Many students in bilingual education programmers are being taught by teachers whose own level of English is of a low quality. Inadequacies in the educational system, it is suggested, these are due to the failure of government to provide enough financial support for learning resources, educational facilities, and teacher training. Many anti-official supporters, unconvinced by the pro-official arguments, find that 'official English’ position is one of (consciously or uncon-sciously held) elitism or discrimination. Minority languages are not being protected, in their view, but restricted. An ‘official English’ law.

Educational Issues Multilingualism could bring benefits to a community, helping to promote empathy between different ethnic groups. 'English Plus Resolution’ began by recognizing English as ‘the primary language of the United States 1) encourage all residents of this country to become fully proficient in English (2) conserve and develop the Nation’s linguistic resources (3) assist natives and other peoples indigenous to the United States, to prevent the extinction of their languages and cultures. (4) continue to provide services in languages other than English as needed to facilitate access to essential functions of government and more. 5) recognize the importance of multilingualism to vital American interest and individual rights, and oppose ‘English-only'.

Linguistic Characteristics of New Englishes Why English has become a global language? The language has evolved in setting where most people are native speakers in likely to e very different from the way it will evolve in settings where most are non-native speakers.

Linguistic Characteristics of New Englishes Grammar Any domain of linguistic structure and use could be the basis of variety differentiation, but the focus in comparing the traditional standards of British and American English has been almost entirely associated with vocabulary and phonology. Undoubtedly there is an impression of relative ‘sameness’, with very few points of absolute differentiation. Two points are relevant: First, grammars have traditionally focused on standard English, and thus essentially on printed English, which provides the foundation of that standard. it is here where grammatical distinctiveness is most likely to be found. Second, because new varieties are chiefly associated with speech, rather than writing, they have also attracted less attention. Variations are also noted with respect to aspect, modals, negation, concord, pronouns, complementation and several other areas.

Linguistic Characteristics of New Englishes Vocabulary The amount of borrowing is also influenced by the number of cultures, which co-exist, and the status, which their languages have achieved. In the case of American English, relatively few of the Amerindian loan-words which are recorded in the seven- teenth and eighteenth centuries became a permanent part of the standard language. Local Vocabulary: South African Indian English = 1,400. The Dictionary of New Zealand English = 6,000 entries. The Concise Australian dict.= 10,000. The Dictionary of Jamaican English =15,000 The Dictionary of Caribbean English = 20,000 Trinidad and Tobago alone = 8,000

Linguistic Characteristics of New Englishes Grammar The grammatical differences between standard American and British English, these are likely to be small com- pared with the kinds of difference which are already beginning to be identified in the more recently recognized New Englishes A variant may be common as a localized standard form, in both written and spoken contexts See tables at page (153-156) for more information about the differences

New Englishes New Englishes have entered the linguistic scene, each of them having its own character explicated in grammar, vocabulary, etc. so that code- switching is not as easy as it used to be even within an English family of languages. Language will become open to the winds of linguistic change in totally unpredictable ways. The spread of English around the world has already demonstrated this, in the emergence of new varieties of English in the different territories where the language has taken root.