Phylogeny Chapter 25
What you need to know! The taxonomic categories and how they indicate relatedness. How systematics is used to develop phylogenetic trees. The three domains of life including their similarities and their differences.
Taxonomy Carolus Linnaeus (1701-1778) Mostly morphological (grouping, separating organism due to body plans) Latin based binomial nomenclature: Each species is ID’d by genus (capital letter) and species (lower case) Canis familiaris, Canis lupus, Felix domestica, Homo Sapien
Bionomial Nomenclature Canis familiaris Canis lupus Felix domestica Malus domestica Homo Sapien Names organisms and their relationships from very broad to very specific
All organisms classified in a hierarchy Taxon Memory Wolf Domain (broad) Did Eukarya Kingdom King Animalia Phylum Philip Chordata Class Come Mammalia Order Over Carnivora Family From Canidae Genus Germany Canis Species (specific) Singing Lupus
Cladistics Grouping organisms according to their phylogenetic (evolutionary) relationship Using comparative morphology (taxonomy), and DNA analysis Ancestral species placed on the bottom, with new features leading to novel descendents Displays divergent evolution by showing new characteristics and old shared characteristics
Cladogram
Bird Cladogram
3 Domains Bacteria Archaea Eucaryota Kingdom: Eubacteria – traditional bacteria Archaea Kingdom: Archaebacteria – ancient bacteria Eucaryota Kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia