Aim: How do scientists classify living organisms?

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Presentation transcript:

Aim: How do scientists classify living organisms?

What is Taxonomy? Taxonomy is the branch of biology that involves the identification, naming, and classification of species. Classification is the process of grouping and naming things based on their similarities. The modern classification system is based on structural similarities and Evolutionary relationships = 5 Kingdoms.

What are the (sub) categories? Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species “General to Specific” King Phillip Come Out For Goodness Sake

Homo sapien Felis feline Canis familaris = Genus & species The credit for the naming system used today goes to Carolus Linnaeus, an 18th century Swedish botanist. In his system, each species is given a two part scientific name, called…Binomial nomenclature = two names. Homo sapien Felis feline Canis familaris = Genus & species *Genus is capitalized & species is lower case!

Misconceptions of Classification & Binomial Nomenclature Breeds (Shih Tzu vs. Cavapoo) are sub-species of a species! Coconut (Shih Tzu) Clem (Cavapoo)

The “Domain” is a larger category than Three Domain System: The “Domain” is a larger category than the “Kingdom”.

Domains: Bacteria – members are prokaryotes (cells that lack a nucleus) Archaea – ancient prokaryotes with different structures & chemical make-up than bacteria. Eukarya – organisms w/ cells that contain a nucleus.

Kingdoms: (subgroup of the Domains) *Eubacteria *Archaebacteria Fungi Plants Animals Protists *There used to be just 5 Kingdoms. Do you remember the name of the other one? *MONERA

Monera *Archaebacteria (ancient) *Eubacteria (modern) prokaryotic cell Bacteria & No Nucleus: PRO = NO *Archaebacteria (ancient) prokaryotic cell unicellular cell walls most are chemotrophic *Eubacteria (modern) prokaryotic cell unicellular cell walls auto or heterotrophic

Protists eukaryotic organisms that cannot be classified as an animal, plant or fungi Uni or multi-celled Some autotrophs, some hetero, some both

Fungi eukaryote Multicellular heterotrophs – feed on dead or decaying organisms = ________________. Ex: mushrooms, molds, yeast & mildew Decomposer

Plants Eukaryote Multicellular autotrophs

Animals Eukaryote Multicellular Heterotrophs