Vegetative Phase

مريستم ها اوليه (انتهاي ريشه و ساقه) ثانويه (كامبيوم آوندي)

انواع رشد مشخص و نامشخص يكساله، دو ساله و چند ساله Monocarpic and polycarpic

رشد و نمو تقسيم سلول رشد سلول تمايز سلول

Root Organization Growth of Radicle (embryotic root) Befor Epycotyl (shoot). In Some Species, Cytokinesis (Division of Cells) is Complet Befor Germination. Oldest Cells of Root Cap are in the distal.(Mucigel) In a More Proximal Position (Closer to the Meristem) are the Young Cells being Form From the Apical Meristem. Epidermis-Cortex-Endodermis-Pericycle-Phloem and Xylem Lateral or Branch Roots Generally Begin Development Several Millimeter to a Few Centimeters Proximal To the Root Tip. They Originate In The Pericycle, Usually Opposite The Protoxylem Points, Growing Outwardly Through The Cortex and Epidermis.

Stem Organization Distance Between Meristemic Zone and Top is More than Root Intercalary Meristem in Monocots

Monocot stem (left) and dicot stem (right).

Diagram of a whole plant showing the shoot apical meristem (SAM) at the above-ground growing tip and the root apical meristem (RAM) at the below-ground growing tip. A leaf primordium (LP) is indicated at the flanks of the SAM and a mature leaf is indicated further away from the SAM. b | Scanning electron micrograph of a young maize apex showing the SAM with the two youngest leaf primordia — PLASTOCHRON 1 (P1) and P2, indicated in green — initiating on its flanks. The founder-cell population (FC) that will give rise to the next leaf primordium is also indicated in green.

Leaf Cells Division - Periclinal (Length) - Anticlinal (Width) - is Finish in 20-50% Maximum Leaf Area - Expansion of Epidermis After Mesophyl Meristemic Function Finish at Top of Monocots Leaf Phyllotaxis

Reproductive Phase