A Global Conflict Chapter 13-Section 3

Learning targets I can……………… 5. Identify the human and dollar cost of WWI. 6. Explain the reasons why Germany and Russia withdrew from the war. 7. Explain the reasons why the U.S. entered into the war.

War Affects the World The Gallipoli Campaign Allies move to capture Ottoman Dardanelles strait in February 1915. Hope to defeat the Ottoman Empire, a Central Powers ally. Also want to open a supply line through region to Russia. Effort ends in costly Allied defeat.

War Affects the World Battles in Africa and Asia Allies take control of German holdings in Asia and Africa. Britain and France use their colonial subjects to help in war effort India fought beside England in the hopes of gaining future independence.

War Affects the World America Joins the Fight Germany seeks to control Atlantic Ocean to stop supplies to Britain. Germany uses unrestricted submarine warfare, and ship near Britain are sunk without warning. Germany halts this policy in 1915 after the sinking of the Lusitania (1) angers the United States.

RMS Lusitania arriving in New York on her maiden voyage arriving in New York in September 1907. Upon its sinking by a German U-boat on May 7, 1915, 1,198 people died when the ship went down.

War Affects the World Germany renews unrestricted submarine warfare (2) policy in 1917 in hopes to starve Britain quickly. Renewal of policy angers the United States. Zimmerman Telegram (3) —effort to enlist Mexico in war against the United States—angers the United States. The United States economic ties to GB & France (4) to strong to ignore. Strong anti-German sentiment (5) in the U.S. The United States declares war against Germany in April 1917 joining the Allies.

Zimmerman Telegram (Note)

War Affects the Home Front Governments Wage Total War World War I becomes a “total war”—nations devote all resources to war. Governments take control of the economy to produce war goods. Nations turn to rationing—limiting purchases of war-related goods. Propaganda—one sided information to build morale and support for the war.

Propaganda

War Affects the Home Front Woman and the War At home, thousands of women fill jobs previously held by men. Many women also experience the war by working as nurses.

Russia withdraws from WWI 1917: Civil unrest in Russia Shortages of food & fuel Czar Nicholas abdicates (steps down) his throne Provisional gov’t continues fighting in WWI – war-weary army refused to fight Communist leader Vladimir Lenin seizes power March 1918 – Russia & Germany sign Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Ends Russia’s involvement in WWI

Central Powers Collapses Russia’s withdrawal allowed for a one front war March 1918: German launch one massive, final attack (2nd Battle of the Marne) German war effort weakened Allies counterattack – aid of U.S. troops

Central Powers Collapses (cont.) Central Powers begin to struggle: Bulgarians & Ottoman Turks surrender Revolution sweeps thru A-H German war effort weakens: German soldiers mutinied German public turns on Kaiser Wilhelm Kaiser Wilhelm steps down from ruling Germany declared a republic Nov. 11, 1918 – Germany signs armistice (agreement to end fighting)

The Legacy of the War A High Price War takes heavy toll; 8.5 million soldiers dead, 21 million wounded War devastates European economies, drains national treasuries. ($ 338 billion) Many acres of land and homes, villages, towns destroyed. Survivors suffer disillusionment and despair; reflected in the arts.