Population Statistics

Population in millions Population Pyramids Population pyramids are used to show information about the age and gender of people in a specific country. Male Female Population in millions

How to Read a Population Pyramid

Width of the Base A wide base indicates a high birth rate A narrow base shows a low birth rate

Symmetry Pyramids should be symmetrical Any asymmetry shows a difference in the male/female population This pyramid shows more older women, they are living longer than the men

Shape of the Sides Concave sides show high death rate (like this one) Convex sides show low birth rate

Bumps in the Side Irregularities in the sides show anomalies The pyramid on the left shows the Baby Boom bulge The pyramid on the right shows a large number of male migrant workers

Other Causes of Anomalies Effect of disease 22% of adults in Botswana have HIV

Preference for male babies 118 males are born to every 100 females in China

The effect of war Look at how many more old women there are than men in Poland The sudden blip inwards in the Cambodia pyramid shows when the Cambodian Civil War was happening

3 Shapes of Population Pyramids

1) Expansive Pyramid Lots of young people Rapid population growth

2) Constrictive Pyramid Fewer young people Population growth is negative (it’s shrinking)

3) Stationary Pyramid Somewhat equal numbers for most age groups Population growth is neutral/stable/slow

Demographic Transition Model

Stage 1 Birth and death rates are very high Population remains low and stable Poor health care, lack of education for women, lack of birth control Poor areas, isolated areas, pre-Industrial Revolution

Stage 2 Death rate falls due to better health care, medical advancements Birth rate remains high though due to lack of education Population starts to grow rapidly Peru, Sri Lanka

Stage 3 Birth rates start to fall as education spreads, women start working too Death rates continue to fall as health care and quality of life improve Rapid population growth China, Chile

Stage 4 Birth and death rates start to level out Population stabilizes as growth has slowed High standard of living Australia, Canada

Stage 5 Birth rate falls below death rate, population starts to shrink This is happening in places like Japan, where women have decided careers are more important than having children

Problems with the Demographic Transition Model It assumes countries go through these stages in a certain order Ex: some African countries are declining, like in stage 5, but it’s because of HIV/AIDs, not because they’re a highly industrialized country with a high standard of living

Into the Future…

Japan in 2000

Japan in 2025

Japan in 2050

India in 2000

India in 2025

India in 2050

Birth Rate (BR) : the number of live births per thousand per year Formula: # of births x 1000 total population

Death rate (DR) : the number of deaths per thousand per year Formula: # of deaths x 1000 total population

Natural Increase BR – DR How much is the population increasing naturally, ie if immigration is not considered

Immigration rate (IR) : number of immigrants per 1,000 people per year Immigrant: someone coming INTO the country Formula: # of immigrants X 1000 total population

Emigration rate (ER) : number of emigrants leaving per 1,000 per year Emigrant: someone leaving the country Formula: # emigrants X 1000 total population

Net Migration Rate : IR – ER

Population Growth Rate (Natural Increase + Net Migration Rate) x 0.1

Canada Answers Birth Rate = 10.86 per thousand Death Rate =7.22 per thousand Natural Increase =3.64 per thousand Imm. Rate =7.53 per thousand Em. Rate =1.74 per thousand Net Migration Rate =5.79 per thousand Pop. Growth Rate = 9.43 (0.9%)

USA Answers Birth Rate = 12.5 per thousand Death Rate = 7.96 Natural Increase = 4.54 Imm. Rate = 3.13 Em. Rate = 0.68 Net Migration Rate = 2.45 Pop. Growth Rate = 6.99 (0.7%)

1 Difference : we have a much higher imm. Rate Why? Canada is seen as more accepting, tolerant of immigrants Healthcare, education, safety

2 Difference USA has a higher death rate Why? More violent crime in their society Our healthcare kicks their healthcare’s butt

3 Difference USA has a higher birth rate Why? Canadian women have babies later in life, they have fewer babies, better healthcare