Restricting the use of antibiotics in food-producing animals and its associations with antibiotic resistance in food-producing animals and human beings:

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Restricting the use of antibiotics in food-producing animals and its associations with antibiotic resistance in food-producing animals and human beings: a systematic review and meta-analysis  Karen L Tang, MD, Niamh P Caffrey, PhD, Diego B Nóbrega, PhD, Prof Susan C Cork, PhD, Paul E Ronksley, PhD, Prof Herman W Barkema, PhD, Alicia J Polachek, MA, Heather Ganshorn, MLIS, Nishan Sharma, EdD, Prof James D Kellner, MD, Dr Prof William A Ghali, MD  The Lancet Planetary Health  Volume 1, Issue 8, Pages e316-e327 (November 2017) DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30141-9 Copyright © 2017 World Health Organization Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Flow diagram of the study selection process *160 studies were exclusively in animals; the other 19 studied antibiotic resistance in both human beings and animals and so are counted in both animal studies and human studies. †Two studies were exclusively in the human population; the other 19 studied antibiotic resistance in both human beings and animals and so are counted in both animal studies and human studies. The Lancet Planetary Health 2017 1, e316-e327DOI: (10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30141-9) Copyright © 2017 World Health Organization Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Forest plot of absolute risk differences of multi-drug resistance Differences are shown for Enterobacteriaceae isolates in (A) faecal and (B) meat samples. The references used have been provided in the appendix. The Lancet Planetary Health 2017 1, e316-e327DOI: (10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30141-9) Copyright © 2017 World Health Organization Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Forest plot of absolute risk differences of antibiotic resistance in humans The references used have been provided in the appendix. The Lancet Planetary Health 2017 1, e316-e327DOI: (10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30141-9) Copyright © 2017 World Health Organization Terms and Conditions

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