Writers Attitudes Monday 8th October Objective: To be aware of different sentence structures. To be able to link terminology with writers attitudes.

1. Simple Sentences (also called independent clauses) have one clause – contain one main idea and express a complete thought. A simple sentence contains one subject and one verb. The three examples above are all simple sentences. Note that sentence B contains a compound subject, and sentence C contains a compound verb. Simple sentences, therefore, contain a subject and verb and express a complete thought, but they can also contain a compound subjects or verbs. In the following simple sentences, subjects are in red, and verbs are in green. A. Some students study in the mornings. B. Sarah and Mark play football every afternoon. C. Alicia goes to the library and studies every day.

Simple Sentence Example Joe laughed cheerfully at the joke. Noun Verb – doing word Adverb – describes the verb Proper Noun There is only ONE idea in this sentence.

Compound Sentences – are two simple sentences (two independent clauses) joined together with one of the linking words or connective or coordinator…. Coordinators include: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. (Helpful hint: The first letter of each of the coordinators spells FANBOYS.) Except for very short sentences, coordinators are always preceded by a comma. In the following compound sentences, subjects are in red, verbs are in green, and the coordinators and the commas that precede them are in purple. A. I tried to speak Spanish, and my friend tried to speak English. B. Alex played football, so Maria went shopping.

Compound Sentence Example Joe laughed cheerfully at the joke BUT there was still some tension in the room. Clause One Linking word Clause Two There are TWO separate clauses AND a linking word – AND/BUT/OR

Have a go! Turn these simple sentences to compound sentences by adding a connective: a) I saw the scruffy old man yesterday. b) Jim ran frantically towards the school bus. c) It was snowing outside. Connectives: W while W wherever W whereas . A although U unless S since

3. Complex Sentence - has an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses/ subordinate clauses. always has a subordinator such as because, since, after, although, or when or a relative pronoun such as that, who, or which. Subordinate clause Adds information to sentence Begins with a connective Does not make sense on its own In the following complex sentences, subjects, verbs, subordinators. When a complex sentence begins with a subordinator such as A and D, a comma is required at the end of the dependent clause. When the independent clause begins the sentence with subordinators in the middle as in B, C, and E, no comma is required. If a comma is placed before the subordinators in B, C, and E, it is wrong. D and E are the same except D begins with the dependent clause which is followed by a comma, and E begins with the independent clause which contains no comma. The comma after the dependent clause in D is required, and experienced listeners of English will often hear a slight pause there. In E, however, there will be no pause when the independent clause begins the sentence. A. When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last page. B. The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error. C. The students are studying because they have a test tomorrow. D. After they finished studying, Joe and Maria went to the cinema. E. Joe and Maria went to the cinema after they finished studying.

COMPLEX SENTENCES / ADJECTIVE CLAUSES Finally, sentences containing adjective clauses (or dependent clauses) are also complex because they contain an independent clause and a dependent clause. The subjects, verbs, and subordinators are marked the same as in the previous sentences, and in these sentences, the independent clauses are also underlined. A. The woman who called my mum sells cosmetics. B. The book that Jonathan read is on the shelf. C. The house which William Shakespeare was born in is still standing. D. The town where I grew up is in the United Kingdom.

The text is from The Guardian online The text is from The Guardian online. It is an article by the journalist and comedian Charlie Brooker, in 2010. Analyse and discuss the use of language in this text to convey the attitudes of the writer towards the television show Take Me Out. You should consider: • how the writer uses language to express his view of the contestants; • how the writers attitudes of the show and its format are revealed.

Read your feedback 1. Write what you think you did well with. 2. Write how you could improve next time. 3. Make sure you also have your success criteria to hand in. If you have forgotten it, write out another.

Writer’s attitudes Tone is the attitude a writer takes toward his or her subject or audience. A work’s tone can usually be described with an adjective or two: bitter, playful, sarcastic, etc To decide on the tone of a passage, you should ask yourself the following questions: 1. What is the genre, audience and purpose of the text? 2. What would you say are the most important words in the text? What connotations or associations do they have? 3. What general feeling do the passage’s images create? 4. Are there any hints that the writer does not really mean everything he or she says? 5. Does the writer make any jokes? If so, are these jokes lighthearted, bitter, or something else? 6. If the writer were speaking aloud, what tone of voice would they be using?

How many “Attitudes” can you think of in 2 minutes? objective angry sympathetic critical unemotional approving grieving disappointed loving agitated tender aggressive mischievous despairing hopeful Sad joyous bitter ironic playful Mocking romantic fearful Melancholy patriotic teasing reflective impassioned anxious contented affectionate gloomy confused serious admiring happy

Brooker’s attitude Biased, neqative, disdainful, satirical, sarcastic, hypocritical, derision, sadistic,

satire 1. the use of irony, sarcasm, ridicule, or the like, in exposing, denouncing, or deriding vice, folly, etc. 2. a literary composition, in verse or prose, in which human folly and vice are held up to scorn, derision, or ridicule.

The article opens with the short, simple sentence ‘Anticipation is everything’. Brooker uses this to convey ………………….. his derision of the contestants and possibly even viewers of the show. Using a simple sentence could be a subliminal implication of the “simple” minded people that the show exploits. Furthermore, a simple sentence is much easier to read, thus, if the readers are a similar audience to the viewers, he is patronising them with a three word sentence and hooking them with the mundane simplicity of his grammatical choice, ironically similar to that used on Take Me Out.