WRITING COMPLETE SENTENCES

Q1 - Writing Learning Goals Using our knowledge of parts of speech, we will write complete and effective sentences. Indent, punctuate, and capitalize paragraphs properly. Use topic sentences.

Lesson Objectives By the time the quiz, recognize parts of speech, subjects, predicates, clauses, phrases, fragments, run-on sentences, and comma splices. QUIZ – You will need to name what a sentence needs to be a sentence.

REVIEW

PARTS OF SPEECH

NOUNS PERSON PLACE THING IDEA http://youtu.be/Sy72OPgdVuA

PRONOUNS A WORD USED IN PLACE OF A NOUN I, YOU,SHE, HE, IT WE, YOU, THEY http://youtu.be/koZFca8AkT0

VERBS Words that describe action.

Verbs The action or “doing” words in a sentence. The horse ran, jumped and kicked until it threw the rider. Most verbs make sense in the blanks below: He _________. They ________.

Verbs The action or “doing” words in a sentence. “Linking verbs” show being. Example: She is a nice person, and we are her friends. Memorize the linking verbs: Be, am, is, are, was, were, been, being.

Verbs The action or “doing” words in a sentence. “Linking verbs” show being. Change to show time (tense). Example: Today I am on a bus, and it goes past my house. Yesterday I was on a bus, and it went past my house. The words that change are verbs.

Verbs The action or “doing” words in a sentence. “Linking verbs” show being. Change to show time (tense). Complete verbs include “helping verbs.” Always helping verbs: Can Will Shall May Could Would Should Might Must Always verbs, may be helping: Have, has, had Do, does, did, done Be, am, is, are, was, were, been, being

Verbs The action or “doing” words in a sentence. “Linking verbs” show being. Change to show time (tense). Complete verbs include “helping verbs.” Example: They might have been going to the store if they could have gotten a ride.

Verbs The action or “doing” words in a sentence. “Linking verbs” show being. Change to show time (tense). Complete verbs include “helping verbs.”

ADJECTIVES DESCRIBES A NOUN OR PRONOUN BEAUTIFUL sunset

ADVERBS DESCRIBES VERB, ADJECTIVE, ANOTHER ADVERB http://youtu.be/lbgZfQNBFS0 SHINING BRIGHTLY

PREPOSITIONS RELATES A NOUN OR PRONOUN TO ANOTHER WORD IN THE SENTENCE IN FRONT OF the cow http://youtu.be/ITXrRHBA5OM

WORD OR PHRASE USED TO EXPRESS STRONG EMOTION OR SURPRISE INTERJECTIONS WORD OR PHRASE USED TO EXPRESS STRONG EMOTION OR SURPRISE YIKES! http://youtu.be/GUqrljf1Nis

CONJUNCTIONS CONNECTS WORDS OR INDIVIDUAL GROUPS OF WORDS WATER AND ROCKS CONNECTS WORDS OR INDIVIDUAL GROUPS OF WORDS AND, BUT, OR, NOR,FOR, SO, YET EITHER, OR, NEITHER, NOR, http://youtu.be/eZqI5b5wGA4

Remember to look at the word in context: Look at the following sentences and find the words with different grammatical functions. e.g. See how the word ‘drop’ is used as a noun in the first sentence and as a verb in the second sentence. the same word is used with different grammatical functions. A number of words have different grammatical functions in different contexts with different meaning. There is a drop in the prices of pulses Do not drop the waste here

ABOUT About can be used as an adverb or a preposition. As an adverb, about modifies the verb. As a preposition, it connects a noun or pronoun with some other word in the sentence. Study the examples given below. They wandered about the town. (Here the word about modifies the verb wandered and hence it acts as an adverb.) There was something affable about him. (Preposition)

ABOVE The word above can be used as an adverb, a preposition, an adjective or a noun. Study the examples given below. The heavens are above. (Adverb) The moral code of conduct is above the civil code of conduct. (Preposition) Read the sentence given above. (Adjective) Our blessings come from above. (Noun)

ALL All children need love. (Adjective) She lives all alone in a small hut. (Adverb) She lost all she owned. (Noun)

Metacognition:  Thinking about your thinking

Flashcards https://youtu.be/mzCEJVtED0U

SENTENCE A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought.

In other words, a sentence must include: Subject Predicate Expresses a complete thought

Basic Parts of a Sentence a complete subject (which tells who or what is doing something) a complete predicate (which tells what the subject is doing).

Basic Parts of a Sentence subject - who or what is doing something The subject is the part that is doing something or about which something is being said. Predicate - what the subject is doing The predicate is the part that says something about the subject. http://youtu.be/fdUXxdmhIsw

Subjects and Predicates simple subject – consists of the subject without the words that modify it. Every subject is built around one noun or pronoun (or more) that, when stripped of all the words that modify it, is known as the simple subject. Consider the following example: A piece of pepperoni pizza would satisfy his hunger. The subject is built around the noun "piece," with the other words of the subject -- "a" and "of pepperoni pizza" -- modifying the noun. "Piece" is the simple subject.

Subjects and Predicates Complete Subject – made up of the simple subject plus its modifiers make the complete subject. Complete Subject: The large, umbrella-shaped parachute saved the life of the inexperienced pilot. (The complete subject is the simple subject—“parachute”—plus all its modifiers.)

Subjects and Predicates Complete Predicate – made up of the simple predicate plus its modifiers. The large, umbrella-shaped parachute saved the life of the inexperienced pilot. (The complete predicate is the simple predicate—“saved”—plus all its modifiers.)

Subjects and Predicates A simple predicate - the verb without the words that modify it or complete the thought. The glacier melted. The glacier has been melting. The glacier melted, broke apart, and slipped into the sea.

Subjects and Predicates A compound subject - includes two or more subjects that share the same predicate (or predicates). The craters and plains of the moon have had no human visitors for some time.

Subjects and Predicates A compound predicate - includes two or more predicates that share the same subject (or subjects). The glacier began to slip down the mountainside and eventually crushed some of the village's outlying buildings.

Prepositional Phrases The words in a prepositional phrase will not be a subject or predicate.

PREPOSITIONS Prepositions are words which begin prepositional phrases. A prepositional phrase is a group of words containing a preposition, a noun or pronoun object of the preposition, and any modifiers of the object. A preposition sits in front of (is “pre-positioned” before) its object. The following words are the most commonly used prepositions:                    It is useful to locate prepositional phrases in sentences since any noun or pronoun within the prepositional phrase must be the preposition’s object and, therefore, cannot be misidentified as a verb’s direct object (subject). about below excepting off toward above beneath for on under across beside(s) from onto underneath after between in out until against beyond in front of outside up along but inside over upon among by in spite of past up to around concerning instead of regarding with at  despite into since within because of down like through without before during near throughout with regard to behind except of to with respect to

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Clauses and Phrases  A phrase - a group of related words that does not contain a subject-predicate (verb) relationship, such as "in the morning" or "running down the street" or "having grown used to this harassment.“ Worksheet – Complete and keep in your binder

Clauses and Phrases A clause - a group of related words containing a subject and a predicate (verb)

Clauses and Phrases An Independent Clause - a group of related words containing a subject and a verb and form a complete thought. Dependent Clauses a/k/a subordinate clauses – clauses that do NOT form a complete thought. Worksheet – Complete and keep in your binder

Fragments - 503 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-SAc3QgIsU Incomplete sentences are called fragments. Fragments may be missing a subject, a predicate, or a complete thought.

Fragments Fragments are incomplete sentences. Usually, fragments are pieces of sentences that have become disconnected from the main clause. How to Fix Fragment - remove the period between the fragment and the main clause. Other kinds of punctuation may be needed for the newly combined sentence. https://youtu.be/0-JRCuwpasA Schmoop Info. provided by the Purdue University Online Writing Lab

Fragments Purdue offers many majors in engineering. Such as electrical, chemical, and industrial engineering. Purdue offers many majors in engineering, such as electrical, chemical, and industrial engineering.

Fragments Coach Dietz exemplified this behavior by walking off the field in the middle of a game. Leaving her team at a time when we needed her. Coach Dietz exemplified this behavior by walking off the field in the middle of a game, leaving her team at a time when we needed her.

Fragments I need to find a new roommate. Because the one I have now isn't working out too well. I need to find a new roommate because the one I have now isn't working out too well. https://youtu.be/p-SAc3QgIsU - Standard Deviants

Fragments The current city policy on housing is incomplete as it stands. Which is why we believe the proposed amendments should be passed. Because the current city policy on housing is incomplete as it stands, we believe the proposed ammendments should be passed.

Fragments You may have noticed that newspaper and magazine journalists often use a dependent clause as a separate sentence when it follows clearly from the preceding main clause, as in the last example above. This is a conventional journalistic practice, often used for emphasis. For academic writing and other more formal writing situations, however, you should avoid such journalistic fragment sentences.

Fragments You may have noticed that newspaper and magazine journalists often use a dependent clause as a separate sentence when it follows clearly from the preceding main clause, as in the last example above. This is a conventional journalistic practice, often used for emphasis. For academic (school) writing and other more formal writing situations, however, you should avoid such journalistic fragment sentences.

Fragments Some fragments are not clearly pieces of sentences that have been left unattached to the main clause; they are written as main clauses but lack a subject or main verb.  http://depts.dyc.edu/learningcenter/owl/exercises/fragments_ex1.htm

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Run-On Sentences - 504 Run-On Sentences A run-on sentence is a sentence with at least two independent clauses (complete thoughts) which are forced together instead of being properly connected. https://youtu.be/aFMhbxAv-Hk - Schmoop

Run-On Sentences - 504 To correct these sentences, you have several options: 1) Separate clauses using punctuation (NOT A COMMA). 2) Separate clauses using a conjunction. 3) Rearrange the sentence (you may add or remove words).

Run-On Sentences - 504 EXAMPLES Run-on sentence: He put on some sunscreen, the sun was so extremely hot, and he wanted to go inside. “He put on some sunscreen”  1st clause “the sun was so extremely hot”  2nd clause “he wanted to go inside”  3rd clause Corrected sentence: He put on some sunscreen because the sun was extremely hot. He wanted to go inside.

Run-On Sentences - 504 In other words, run-on sentences happen when two or more sentences are put together as one sentence. Manta rays are similar to sharks they both have skeletons made of cartilage. http://youtu.be/P6ARqUdCkdg http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/cgi-shl/quiz.pl/run-ons_add1.htm http://depts.dyc.edu/learningcenter/owl/exercises/run-ons_ex1.htm http://www.writing.engr.psu.edu/exercises/index.html

Comma Splice Comma splices are similar to run-on sentences because they also incorrectly connect independent clauses. A comma splice occurs when two independent clauses are connected with only a comma. As with a run-on sentence, there are a few different ways to correct a comma splice. https://youtu.be/PLAU8LsRR6k http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/comma-splice?page=all

Review https://youtu.be/p-SAc3QgIsU - Standard Deviants http://wps.prenhall.com/chet_smith_english_10/108/27805/7118326.cw/content/index.html

TYPES OF SENTENCES https://youtu.be/98OcAe5O0Ws Schmoop

Compound-Complex Sentences Sentence Forms Simple Sentences Compound Sentences Complex Sentences Compound-Complex Sentences

Simple Sentences Also called an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE Contains a SUBJECT, PREDICATE, and EXPRESSES a COMPLETE THOUGHT.    A. Some students like to study in the mornings. B. Juan and Anthony play football every afternoon. C. Alicia goes to the library and studies every day.

Identify the subject and predicate in these SIMPLE sentences. Cindy and Sue auditioned for the lead role in the play. 2. The kittens were adopted by the family. 3. Peanut butter and jelly sandwiches are my favorite. 4. The committee decorated the gym for Friday night’s dance. 5. The surprise party was organized by Wendy’s two best friends.

Compound Sentences -Contains two independent clauses (simple sentences) joined by a coordinating conjunction. -The conjunctions are as follows: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. (Helpful hint: The first letter of each of the conjunction spells FANBOYS.) -Except for very short sentences, these conjunctions are always preceded by a comma. A.  I tried to speak Spanish, and my friend tried to speak English.  B.  Alex played football, so Maria went shopping.  C.  The class will get a reward, for we always behave.

Identify the conjunction in these COMPOUND sentences. I am going to the dance, so I have to buy a new dress. Jenny took the pictures, and Aaron developed them. 3. New York is on the East Coast, and California is on the West Coast. 4. Bill walked into the crowded room, but I can’t find him. 5. Is the party on Friday, or is it on Saturday?

Complex Sentences Has an independent clause joined by a dependent clause/subordinate clause. Dependent clauses do not express a complete thought and can’t stand alone as sentences. A dependent clause begins with a subordinating conjunction, such as because, since, after, although, when, etc. Follow these formats when writing complex sentences: DEPENDENT CLAUSE, INDEPENDENT CLAUSE Since I have no milk, I’ll go to the store. INDEPENDENT CLAUSE DEPENDENT CLAUSE I’ll go to the store since I have no milk.

The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error. Examples: When he handed in his homework, he forgot to hand the teacher the last page. The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error. The students are studying because they have a test tomorrow. After they finished studying, Jack and Maria went to the movies.

Identify the dependent clause in each COMPLEX sentence. Because it was raining, the game was called off. 2. When I feel sick, I do not go to school. 3. Mark is not going since I never invited him. 4. George played football because Jean went shopping. 5. If you want a pizza, you need to order it now.

Compound-Complex Sentence Contains 2 independent clauses & 1 dependent clause. Put a comma after the dependent clause if it begins the sentence. Put a comma before the and, but, or or that connects the 2 independent clauses.

Examples: Charlie could not hear his watch because it had stopped, and he was worried. Because it had stopped, Charlie could not hear his watch, and he was worried. Although Sara called out for Charlie, no one answered, and Sara was scared. Sara could not see Charlie, but when she was on the hilltop she could hear him cry out.

Take out your gratitude written response Check for: Adjectives and adverbs Fragments Run-ons Sentence Structure All simple sentences? Combine into compound or complex. How could your writing improve? If you lost it, work on the last sheet of the run-on packet.