FIRE SAFETY

Fire needs three elements to occur FIRE SAFETY HOW FIRES START Fire needs three elements to occur FUEL : Any combustible material – solid, liquid or gas OXYGEN : Fire needs an atmosphere with at least 16 percent oxygen HEAT: Heat is the energy necessary to increase the temperature of the fuel THIESS TRAINING CENTRE - BALIKPAPAN - INDONESIA

When this occurs a fire will start FIRE SAFETY CHEMICAL REACTION A chain reaction occurs when the three elements are in a proper condition FIRE TRIANGLE When this occurs a fire will start

FIRE SAFETY FIRE TRIANGLE Take any of the elements away a fire will not occur or will be extinguished when already burning

How fires are classified FIRE SAFETY How fires are classified CLASS A Ordinary combustibles or fibrous material, such as wood, paper, cloth, rubber and some plastics. CLASS B Flammable or combustible liquids such as petrol, kerosene, paint and propane gases.   THIESS TRAINING CENTRE - BALIKPAPAN - INDONESIA

FIRE SAFETY CLASS C CLASS D Energized electrical equipment, such as appliances, switches, power panels and power tools CLASS D Combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium and potassium. They may react violently with water and must be handled with care

How to prevent fire FIRE SAFETY Class A — Ordinary combustibles: Keep storage and working areas free of trash. Place oily rags in covered containers Class B — Flammable liquids or gases: Don't refuel petrol-powered equipment while it's hot. Pour from storage drums only what you'll need. Don’t use plastic containers for storage. Store flammable liquids away from spark-producing sources. Use flammable liquids only in well-ventilated areas.

FIRE SAFETY Class C — Electrical equipment: Look for old wiring, worn insulation and broken electrical fittings. Report any hazardous condition to your supervisor. Prevent motors from overheating by keeping them clean and in good working order. A spark from a rough-running motor can ignite the oil and dust in it. Don't misuse fuses. Never install a fuse rated higher than specified for the circuit. Don't overload wall outlets. Two outlets should have no more than two plugs.

FIRE SAFETY Class D — Flammable metals: Pure metals such as potassium and sodium react violently (even explosively) with water and some other chemicals, and must be handled with care. Generally these metals are stored in sealed containers in a non-reactive liquid to prevent decay (surface oxidation) from contact with air. 

When NOT to fight a fire Never fight a fire: FIRE SAFETY If the fire is spreading beyond the spot where it started  If you can't fight the fire with your back to an escape exit If the fire can block your only escape If you don't have adequate fire-fighting equipment

DON'T FIGHT THE FIRE YOURSELF. FIRE SAFETY When NOT to fight a fire In any of the previous situations: DON'T FIGHT THE FIRE YOURSELF. CALL FOR HELP

How to extinguish small fires FIRE SAFETY How to extinguish small fires Class A Extinguish ordinary combustibles by cooling the material below its ignition temperature and soaking the fibers to prevent re-ignition. Use pressurized water, foam or multi-purpose(ABC-rated) dry chemical extinguishers. DO NOT USE carbon dioxide or ordinary (BC-rated) dry chemical extinguishers on Class A fires.

How to extinguish small fires FIRE SAFETY How to extinguish small fires Class B Extinguish flammable liquids, greases or gases by removing the oxygen, preventing the vapors from reaching the ignition source or inhibiting the chemical chain reaction. Foam, carbon dioxide, ordinary (BC-rated) dry chemical, multi-purpose dry chemical, and halon extinguishers may be used to fight Class B fires. Halon extinguishers are being replaced as they are harmful to the atmosphere

How to extinguish small fires FIRE SAFETY How to extinguish small fires Class C Extinguish energized electrical equipment by using an extinguishing agent that is not capable of conducting electrical currents. Carbon dioxide, ordinary (BC-rated) dry chemical, multi-purpose dry chemical and halon fire extinguishers may be used to fight Class C fires. DO NOT USE water extinguishers on energized electrical equipment.

How to extinguish small fires FIRE SAFETY How to extinguish small fires Class B Extinguish combustible metals such as magnesium, titanium, potassium and sodium with dry powder extinguishing agents specially designated for the material involved. In most cases, they absorb the heat from the material, cooling it below its ignition temperature

Please note: FIRE SAFETY Multipurpose (ABC-rated) chemical extinguishers leave a residue that can harm sensitive equipment, such as computers and other electronic equipment. Because of this, carbon dioxide extinguishers are preferred in these instances because they leave very little residue. ABC dry powder residue is mildly corrosive to many metals. For example, residue left over from the use of an ABC dry powder extinguisher in the same room with metal furniture can seriously corrode all components.

What fire extinguisher to use FIRE SAFETY What fire extinguisher to use Dry chemical (Red/White band) Foam Extinguishers (Blue) Carbon Dioxide (Red/Black band) Water (Red only)

How to identify the proper fire extinguisher FIRE SAFETY How to identify the proper fire extinguisher All ratings are shows on the extinguisher faceplate. Some extinguishers are marked with multiple ratings such as AB, BC and ABC. These extinguishers are capable of putting out more than one class of fire. Class A and B extinguishers carry a numerical rating that indicates how large a fire can safely put out with that extinguisher. Class C extinguishers have only a letter rating to indicate that the extinguishing agent will not conduct electrical current.

A - Aim at the base of fire S - Squeeze the trigger FIRE SAFETY How to use a fire extinguisher P - Pull the pin A - Aim at the base of fire S - Squeeze the trigger S - Sweep from side to side

FIRE SAFETY How to approach a fire: Walk slowly, don’t run Look for obstructions, especially at floor level If the fire is out, leave by slowly walking backwards, look for any flare ups Have a new extinguisher ready in case the fire starts again

Should your path of escape be threatened FIRE SAFETY Remember Should your path of escape be threatened Should the extinguisher run out Should the extinguisher be defective Should you no longer be able to safely fight the fire

FIRE SAFETY LEAVE IMMEDIATELY

Evacuation: FIRE SAFETY Know the escape routes of the building you are working in. Know the evacuation procedures and place of assembly. Never fight the fire unless you know how to use a fire extinguisher and are familiar with the building outlay.

How to evacuate: FIRE SAFETY When you hear the Emergency Alarm vacate the building IMMEDIATELY Proceed to the exit as shown on the Emergency Action Plan  Walk; DO NOT RUN Stay calm; DO NOT PANIC  

Stay low to avoid smoke and toxic gases FIRE SAFETY Shout: FIRE! FIRE! FIRE! Stay low to avoid smoke and toxic gases Crawl if necessary, the best air is close to the floor Do NOT lock doors or exits

FIRE SAFETY Move to the allocated Evacuation Point and report to the Fire Warden Stay at the evacuation point until the Warden gives permission to leave  Do not re-enter the building after the fire until the ALL CLEAR has been given

GRAP A BLANKET OR RUG AND WRAP AROUND THE PERSON TO SMOTHER THE FLAMES FIRE SAFETY What to do if someone is on fire If you should catch on fire: STOP - where you are DROP - to the floor ROLL - around the floor If another person is on fire, yell out the above instructions. GRAP A BLANKET OR RUG AND WRAP AROUND THE PERSON TO SMOTHER THE FLAMES

ALWAYS REMEMBER SAFETY FIRST DO NOT BECOME THE NEXT VICTIM