Treatment algorithm for tuberculosis

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
ISTC Training Modules 2008 Your name Institution/organization Meeting Date.
Advertisements

TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS, 2003
TB. Areas of Concern TB cases continue to be reported in every state Drug-resistant cases reported in almost every state Estimated million persons.
Clinical Pharmacy.  Tuberculosis is caused by M. tuberculosis, an aerobic, non–spore-forming bacillus that resists decolorization by acid alcohol after.
TB 101 Part II Brenda Mayes, R. N. March TREATMENT TB DISEASE MDR XDR LATENT TB INFECTION.
Treatment of Tuberculosis: New Case Case Studies Module 7A2 – March 2010.
Treatment Regimens for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Caused by Drug- Susceptible Organisms Initial PhaseContinuation Phase RegimenDrugs Interval and Doses (Minimal.
The relationship between systolic blood pressure and mortality in trauma patients with hemorrhage. These data suggest that a systolic blood pressure of.
The authors’ sequential closure technique for the open abdomen. A
Free double-barreled fibula osteoseptocutaneous flap with primary osseointegrated dental implants used to reconstruct a compound segmental mandibular defect.
Tipos de miomas uterinos.
Common splints used for hand injuries/surgeries. A. Ulnar gutter splint. The ring and small fingers are included. The surgeon pushes on the dorsum of the.
Commons splints used for hand injuries/surgeries. A
A and B. Ghrelin secretion after bariatric surgery
Intraperitoneal view of polytetrafluoroethylene mesh used for laparoscopic ventral incisional hernia repair. The mesh is in place on the posterior aspect.
Intraperitoneal view of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene mesh used for laparoscopic ventral incisional hernia repair. The mesh is in place on the posterior.
Algorithm for treatment of colorectal hemorrhage
The four major categories of fistula in ano (left side of drawings) and the usual operative procedure to correct the fistula (right side of drawings).
Labeled urea breath test to detect Helicobacter infection
A. Layers of the abdominal wall in an anterior open approach to hernia repair. B. Identification of indirect and direct hernia sacs once the spermatic.
A. Radiogram of a type I (sliding) hiatal hernia. B
Intra-abdominal venous flow pathways leading to engorged veins (varices) from portal hypertension. 1, Coronary vein; 2, superior hemorrhoidal veins; 3,
Felon. A. Lateral view of the digit showing fluctuance between the skin of the pad and the underlying distal phalanx bone. B. The authors prefer to drain.
A. Open grade 3 comminuted tibia-fibula fracture (motorcycle injury). B. External fixator temporarily stabilizes grade 3 open tibia fracture. Source: Orthopedic.
Treatment pathways for stage IIIA and stage IIIB breast cancer.
Pain location in chronic pancreatitis
(Reproduced with permission from Jemal A, et al: Cancer statistics, CA Cancer J Clin 58:71, 2008.) Source: Chapter 17. The Breast, Schwartz's Principles.
Illustration of a hybrid arch repair. A
Treatment of TB Disease
Mammography and xeromammography. A
Fat digestion. Long-chain triglycerides, which constitute the majority of dietary fats, must undergo lipolysis into constituent log-chain fatty acids and.
Treatment algorithm for tuberculosis
Modified radical mastectomy (Patey): axillary lymph node dissection
A. Anteroposterior cervical spine x-ray showing the position of an anterior cervical plate used for stabilization after C6–C7 discectomy. Patient presented.
Removal of varicose veins via stab avulsions.
Copyright © 2006 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
Illustration of the reversed elephant trunk technique using a traditional “island” approach to total aortic arch replacement. A. Stage 1: The distal aorta.
This is an archived document.
Effect of gas density on aerosol delivery from a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) and jet nebulizer. A. Albuterol was administered via a pMDI and.
A. A neuropathic ulcer is characterized by a punched-out appearance with loss of sensation in the surrounding skin. The foot may be warm to touch, and.
MR imaging of a torn ACL. (A-C) Proton density sagittal cuts; showing anteroposterior tibial insertion site length measurement “x”, intra-articular ligament.
Algorithm for adenocarcinoma diagnosis in small biopsies and/or cytology. Step 1: When positive biopsies (fiberoptic bronchoscopy [FOB], transbronchial.
Treatment of Latent TB Infection (LTBI)
Transgastric passage of circular EEA stapler to create gastrojejuostomy for laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. (Reproduced with permission from Schneider.
Metal fitting aid to assist in placement of elastic compression stockings. Source: Chapter 24. Venous and Lymphatic Disease, Schwartz's Principles of Surgery,
Anatomy of the left portal vein (LPV)
[Reproduced with permission from Healey JE, Hodge J (eds): Surgical Anatomy, 2nd ed. Toronto: BC Decker, 1990, p 153.] Source: Chapter 35. Abdominal Wall,
Calcium balance and fluxes in a normal human
Denver Health Medical Center’s Massive Transfusion Protocol
Ultrasonography images of malignant breast lesions. A
Kaplan-Meier survival for adult heart transplants performed between January 1982 and June 2006 by era. All comparisons are significant at p < (Reproduced.
A. Hiperplasia epitelial ductal
The distal transition line (left side of the picture) in the internal carotid artery where the plaque had been removed must be examined carefully and should.
Computed tomography (CT)–positron emission tomography (PET) scans before and after resection of liver metastasis from colorectal cancer in a 54-year-old.
Pie chart comparison of pain control at 3 weeks after lobectomy by standard thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). The pie charts show.
Negative pressure wound therapy in a patient after amputation for wet gangrene (A), and in a patient with enterocutaneous fistula (B). It is possible to.
Breast cyst. A. Simple cyst
Algorithm for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Algorithm for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET) demonstrating enhancement during arterial phase of CT scan. Pancreatic head PNET seen in (left) sagital, (middle)
(Fig A reproduced with permission from Cummings DE, et al: Plasma ghrelin levels after diet-induced weight loss or gastric bypass surgery. N Engl.
A. Sites of the most severe pain during an episode of biliary pain in 107 patients with gallstones (% values add up to >100% because of multiple responses).
Robotic instruments and hand controls
A and B. Ghrelin secretion after bariatric surgery
Extensive DCIS seen on mammography. A
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). A
Rapid diagnosis of pyrazinamide-resistant multidrug-resistant tuberculosis using a molecular-based diagnostic algorithm  S.O. Simons, T. van der Laan,
Presentation 10 Analysing results and defining cases
Tb: Screening & Diagnosis (1)
Basic diagnostic algorithm to link the molecular line probe assay with solid culture- and liquid culture-based growth detection and susceptibility testing.
Presentation transcript:

Treatment algorithm for tuberculosis Treatment algorithm for tuberculosis. Patients in whom tuberculosis is proven or strongly suspected should have treatment initiated with isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RIF), pyrazinamide (PZA), and ethambutol (EMB) for the initial 2 months. A repeat smear and culture should be performed when 2 months of treatment has been completed. If cavities were seen on the initial chest radiograph (CXR) or the acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smear results are positive at completion of 2 months of treatment, the continuation phase of treatment should consist of INH and RIF daily or twice daily for 4 months to complete a total of 6 months of treatment. If cavitation was present on the initial CXR and the culture results at the time of completion of 2 months of therapy are positive, the continuation phase should be lengthened to 7 months (total of 9 months of treatment). If the patient has HIV infection and the CD4+ cell count is <100/μL, the continuation phase should consist of daily or three times weekly INH and RIF. In HIV-uninfected patients with no cavitation on CXR and negative results on AFB smears at completion of 2 months of treatment, the continuation phase may consist of either once weekly INH and rifapentine (RPT) or daily or twice weekly INH and RIF to complete a total of 6 months of treatment (bottom). For patients receiving INH and RPT whose 2-month culture results are positive, treatment should be extended by an additional 3 months (total of 9 months). *EMB may be discontinued when results of drug susceptibility testing indicate no drug resistance. †PZA may be discontinued after it has been taken for 2 months (56 doses). ‡RPT should not be used in HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis or in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. §Therapy should be extended to 9 months if results of 2-month culture are positive. (Reproduced with permission of the American Thoracic Society. Copyright © American Thoracic Society. Blumberg HM, et al. American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America: Treatment of tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;167:603.) Source: Chest Wall, Lung, Mediastinum, and Pleura, Schwartz's Principles of Surgery, 10e Citation: Brunicardi F, Andersen DK, Billiar TR, Dunn DL, Hunter JG, Matthews JB, Pollock RE. Schwartz's Principles of Surgery, 10e; 2014 Available at: http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/DownloadImage.aspx?image=/data/books/980/bru_ch19_f032.png&sec=100395786&BookID=980&ChapterSecID=59610861&imagename= Accessed: November 13, 2017 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved