Bone naming and parts identification Axial skeleton

Hyoid

Vertebra with rib Body Anterior arch Posterior arch Spinous process Transverse process Spinous process

7 Cervical Vertebrae They are the smallest (but densest) #2-6 have a forked bifid process Transverse foramen C1 is known as the atlas Basically a ring with 2 transverse processes C2 is known as the axis Dens or odontoid process extends upward into ring of atlas When the head turns, the atlas pivots around the dens

12 Thoracic Vertebrae Larger than cervical (get larger as you move posteriorly) Spinous processes are long and extend downward Have facets on each side of its body to attach to ribs

5 Lumbar vertebrae Very large bodies (support lots of bodyweight) Thin transverse processes Project laterally Short spinous processes

Sacrum & Coccyx Sacrum is composed of 5 vertebrae that fuse together between age 18-30 Coccyx is 4 vertebrae that fuse between age 25-30

Sacrum and coccyx

Types of vertebrae Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Bifid process Transverse foramen

Clavicle Clavicle

Ribs True False Floating

Ribs 24 total (one pair attached to each thoracic vertebrae) 7 pairs of true ribs – join the sternum directly 5 pairs of false ribs – cartilages do not reach the sternum directly Lowest two pair do not attach to sternum = floating ribs Head of rib – posterior end where the rib articulates with facets on the vertebrae Neck of rib – flattened, lateral to head – where ligaments attach Tubercle – close to the head of rib, articulates with transverse process of the vertebra

Sternum Manubrium Body Xiphoid process

Os coxae (not pelvis!) Lateral side Medial side Crest Crest Ilium Fossa Pubis Ischium