Essential Question How can you predict an element’s properties by its placement on the periodic table?

Atom The atom has electrons orbiting the nucleus in fixed paths called orbitals. *This is an outdated model, but very useful for teaching chemistry*

Nails Bohr’s Planet model of Atoms These orbits are referred to as energy levels 1 2 3

Table Development 1869 Russian scientist Dmitri Mendeleev organized known elements by atomic mass He noticed that at regular intervals the chemical properties of elements repeated. So, He placed elements with similar properties in the same column.

Table Development Henry Moseley developed the modern periodic table arranging the elements by Atomic Number Elements with similar chemical properties are in the same column

Modern Table Elements are arranged by atomic number

Modern Table Horizontal rows are PERIODS 1 2 3 4 5 6

Modern Table Vertical Columns are GROUPS 1 17 18 2 13 14 15 16 3 4 5 6 9 10 11 12

All Very Reactive Metals Table Properties Elements Found in the Same Group Have Very Similar Chemical Properties All Very Reactive Metals

Electron Configuration Outermost electrons are called valence electrons. The # of valence electrons determines chemical properties Elements in a group have the same number of valence e- Be 2-2 Mg 2-8-2 Ca 2-8-8-2 Sr 2-8-18-8-2 Ba 2-8-18-18-8-2 Ra 2-8-18-32-18-8-2

Practice Draw the electron configuration for carbon, iron, and potassium

Extremely Un-Reactive Metal Extremely reactive Metal Table Properties Elements in the Same Period do not have similar chemical properties. Extremely Un-Reactive Metal Liquid Metal Extremely reactive Metal Very Un-Reactive Gas

Topic 2: Metals & Non-Metals Periodic Table Topic 2: Metals & Non-Metals

Metals and Non-Metals Most of the 114 known elements are Metals. Less than 20 of all the elements are considered Non-Metals. About 7 elements are considered SemiMetals or Metalloids.

Metal Properties Good Conductors of Electricity Metals Have Luster Solid at room Temp (except for Hg) Are Malleable (shapeable) Are Ductile (made into wire)

Non-Metal Properties Non-Metals do not conduct Electricity Non-Metals are Brittle Can be a Gas at Room Temp Have No Luster

Semimetals Semimetals may have luster. Semimetals may conduct electricity. Semimetals may be shaped.

Practice Label Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

Activity: How metallic or non-metallic is an element? Most ACTIVE Non-Metal Most ACTIVE Metal

Stable electron configuration For stability, atoms need 8 (or 0) valence electrons This is why atoms become ions

# of electrons Metals are electron losers Non-metals are electron gainers

Periodic Table Topic 3: Special Groups

Alkali & Alkaline Earth Metals Never found in nature due to their high reactivity, only as compounds. Francium is the most reactive metal there is. Alkali Metals

The Halogens Halogens Group 17

The Nobel Gases Will not react with any other elements due to Stable valence electron configuration. Eight valence electrons is called a STABLE OCTET, all elements try to achieve this electron configuration.

The Transition Metals Transition Metals

Transition Metals All metals in the middle of the table. Not reactive under most conditions. Are reactive at high temperatures (oxidize)