Everyone is a Biologist: Studier of Life!

What are the major organizational levels of life?

Task: Organize the following terms from most general to most specific. Cell Subatomic Particle Molecule Organ Ecosystem Atom Biosphere Organ System Organelle Population Community Tissue Multi-celled Organism

Organizational Levels of Life Biosphere: All the parts of the planet that are inhabited by living things. Ecosystem: Community of living things (biotic) in an area, along with the nonliving features (abiotic) of the environment that support the living community. Community: The populations of species occupying the same area. Population: A group of individuals of the same species occupying a given area. Multi-celled Organism: Individual composed of specialized, interdependent cells most often organized in tissues, organs, and organ systems.

Organizational Levels of Life (continued) Organ System: Two or more organs interacting chemically, physical, or both in ways that contribute to survival of the whole organism. Organ: A structural unit in which a number of tissues, combine in specific amounts and patterns, perform a common task. Tissue: An organized group of cells and surrounding substances functioning together in a specialized activity. Cells: Life’s basic units of structure and function. All organisms are made up of one of more cells. Organelle: Inside all cells except bacteria, a membrane-bound sac or compartment for a separate, specialized task.

Organization of Life (continued) Molecule: A unit in which two or more atoms of the same element or different ones are bonded together. Atom: Smallest unit of an element that still retains the properties of that element. Subatomic Particle: An electron, proton, or neutron; one of the three major particles of which atoms are composed.

Diversity of Life Biodiversity refers to the many different types of organisms on earth. - The existence of millions of species is what makes life on earth so diverse. Species refers to a distinct form of life or each different type of organism. Classification refers to a system of organization based on similarities. Taxonomy is the biological science that classifies life according to evolutionary relationships.

System of Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Dutch Kings Play Chess On Funny Green Squares

Human classification scheme: Genus & species Homo sapiens Life is Diverse Human classification scheme: Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primates Family Hominidae Genus & species Homo sapiens

Life is Diverse

Three Domains of Life Archaea and Bacteria Eukarya Unicellular: entire bodies consist of just one cell Prokaryotic cells: cells without a nucleus Eukarya Multicellular: organisms are made of many cells Eukaryotic cells: cells that contain nuclei that separate DNA from the rest of the cell

A Short Quiz What is a species? What is a system of classification? 3. Which has more critters: an order or a genus? 4. What is taxonomy? The scientific name includes the _____ and _____ name. What are two major differences between the domain Eukarya and the domains Archaea and Bacteria?

Biology: Study of Life So, what are the characteristics of life? http://vimeo.com/9536502 -

Eight Characteristics of LIFE Made of cells Reproduce Genetic information code Grow and develop Obtain Food/Use Energy Respond to Stimuli Homeostasis Adapt and Evolve

Living Things are made up of Cells. Unicellular Living Things are made up of Cells. a.) CELL: Collection of living material enclosed within a barrier b.) cells are basic unit of life c.) Unicellular: made up of one cell d.) Multicellular: made up of many cells Multicellular

Asexual 2. Living Things Reproduce: a.) produce offspring which resemble parents b.)asexual reproduction: has only one parent c.) sexual reproduction: requires two parents Sexual

3. Living Things are based on a genetic code. a.) inheritance of traits is carried on DNA

4. Living things Grow and Develop a.) GROWTH: increase in size & shape b.) DEVELOPMENT: mature over time c.) living things have a lifespan Growth Development

5. Living Things Use & Need Energy a) energy comes from food, used to maintain body b) AUTOTROPH (Producer): produce own food c) HETEROTROPH (Consumer): must consume food d) DECOMPOSER: breaks down dead material for food

Producers: Plants and other organisms that make their own food. Consumers: Animals that depend on energy that became stored in the tissues of producers. Decomposers: Break down sugars and other biological molecules to simpler materials.

6. Living things respond to their surroundings a.) they react to a stimulus - The factor(s) that cause a reaction from living and non living things. b.) an action causes a reaction c. ) reaction is called a response - The action that occurs because of the presence of a stimulus. d.) this involves one individual

7. Living things maintain a stable internal environment a.) HOMEOSTASIS: internal balance; Steady state of being regardless of external surroundings (i.e. Maintaining a stable internal environment: Shiver when cold and sweat when hot).

8. Living things Evolve a.) adapt to long-range changes in environment b.) change to better survive in environment c.) these changes take place over a long period of time & involve the entire species

Evolutionary Terms Adaptation - an inherited trait that helps an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in its particular environment. Evolution - generation to generation change in the proportion of different inherited traits in a population. Mutation - a molecular change in the DNA. Artificial Selection - the selection among different forms of a trait is taking place in an artificial environment - under contrived, manipulated conditions. Natural Selection - the “selection” of specific inherited traits that allow offspring to inherit a variation that may allow them to live longer.

A Short Quiz: 1. What are the characteristics of life? 2. What is homeostasis? What is an example of homeostasis? 3. Is a computer living? Why or why not? 4. Why is energy required by living things?