( with covalent and ionic bonding) Week 9 CCA Test Review ( with covalent and ionic bonding)

Labeling an atom Electron Neutron Proton Nucleus Energy Level

Fill in the table: Positive 1 amu Electron 1 amu No charge Subatomic Particles Charge Proton Negative 0 amu Neutron Positive 1 amu Electron No charge 1 amu

Atomic mass: the mass of an atom What is the atomic mass? Atomic mass: the mass of an atom Protons + Neutrons Atomic Mass

What is the atomic number? Atomic number: Element number used to show where on the periodic table the element is found. Also, it is the number of protons. Atomic Number = Number of Protons

What are valence electrons? Atoms in the outside energy level, used to determine reactivity of an atom

How can you find the number of neutrons? Atomic Mass Atomic Number (protons) Neutrons

How do you know if an atom is neutral? Protons (positive charges) = Electrons (negative charges) If it has the same number of positive (protons) and negative (electron) charges 3 positive charges 3 negative charges Remember: all elements on the periodic table are neutral!

Fill in the missing information Atomic Mass 9 Atomic Number Protons 4 Neutrons Electrons Energy Levels? Valence Electrons Is this a stable atom? Is this a neutral atom? Element? Element symbol? 4 2-8-8 Rule Octet Rule 9 - 4 = 5 2 2 No - Valence level is not full Yes – protons = electrons Beryllium Be

Bohr Model

Octet (2-8-8) Rule First energy level can hold 2 electrons Second energy level can hold 8 electrons Third energy level can hold 8 electrons

What do valence electrons determine? They determine how reactive an atom is 1 and 7 valence electrons – most reactive 8 valence electrons – least reactive Determine how am atom will bond 1 valence electron – give away 7 valence electrons - steal

What is an ionic bond? When does this happen Ionic bond: when valence electrons are given or taken in order for elements to bone This happens when an atom needs to give or take 1, 2, or 3 valence electrons to be stable

What is an covalent bond? When does this happen? Covalent bond: when atoms bond by sharing valence electrons This happens when atoms share and become stable

How is the Periodic Table arranged? By atomic number (number of protons) Groups (valence electrons) and Period (energy levels) Physical and Chemical properties

Color Metals, Non-Metals, and Metalloids

Put a circle around the non metals that are gasses

Label Groups and Periods

Most reactive groups Group 1 Group 17

Least Reactive Group Noble Gasses – Group 18

What information can be found if you know the Period of an element? Number of energy levels

What information can be found if you know the group of an element? Number of valence electrons Remember to cover the one on the two digit numbers!

Most reactive groups Group 1 Why? Group 1 only has one valence electron and group 17 only has 7. They are both 1 valence electron away from being stable (happy). Group 17

Least Reactive Group Why? Group 18 has 8 valence electrons which fills up the valence level, meaning the atom is stable (happy) Noble Gasses – Group 18

Why do elements with similar valence level of electrons have similar chemical properties? They will react the same way, because they have the same number of valence electrons

What has similar physical and chemical characteristics to Nitrogen? Any element that is in the same family/group Nitrogen Family

Remember: Atomic number = protons Argon - Protons Remember: Atomic number = protons Protons = 18

Sodium – Atomic Mass Atomic Mass = 22 (drop the decimals)

Remember: Atomic mass – atomic number = neutrons Carbon - neutrons Remember: Atomic mass – atomic number = neutrons Neutrons = 6

Neon – atomic number Atomic Number = 10

Potassium – Valence Electrons 1st group = 1 valence electron Valence electrons - 1

Potassium – Valence Electrons 2nd Period = 2 energy levels Energy Levels Used - 2

Oxygen Bohr Model

Review from Unit 1 Physics

Newton’s 3 Laws An object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an outside force F=ma For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Balanced and Unbalanced Forces Balanced – not moving Unbalanced – moving (creates a net force)

Equations Speed = D/T Acceleration = change in speed/change in time Force = ma Work = Force x distance