EDL 1201 Linguistics for ELT Cohort 2 Jul 2005

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EDL 1201 Linguistics for ELT Cohort 2 Jul 2005 Phonology EDL 1201 Linguistics for ELT Cohort 2 Jul 2005 Morphemes

Definition The study of the ways in which speech sounds form systems and patterns. (Fromkin, pg 272) The systematic structuring of sounds in languages ….how sounds are pronounced and stored in the minds. (Finegan, 2004 pg 110) A term for phonemic and phonetics, which is a study of word to word relations in sentences, i.e. how a sound patterns are affected by the combination of words.

definition What is a phoneme? - a single unit of the sound system, eg /p/, or /b/. What is an allophone? - a variation of a single structural element in the sound system of a language, or a variation of a phoneme. Eg. /ph/ is an allophone of /p/. /s/ in the words CATS/s/ and DOGS/z/

Definition - allophone - Any of the variants of a phoneme – perceptibly different but similar Does not change meaning of a word Occurs in different phonetic environments that can be stated as phonological rules.

Examples of allophones /p/ - /ph/ and /p/ as in PIT, PAT, SPIT, LAP PETUNIA, PATERNAL, RAPID, RAP, /t/ - /tp/ and /t/ as in TAB, TAP, TIT TAT, CAT.

Phonological rules

Rule 1 - Assimilation When a phoneme is realised differently as a result of being near to another phoneme. FC / IC (That Person) ‘t’ and ‘P’ FC changes to become like IC IC changes to become like FC That person /ðæp persзn/ Light blue /laip blu/ Meat pie /mIp pai/

assimilation ‘In the’ becomes ….. Or , “get them” becomes …… Or, “read these” becomes ……

Rule 2 - dissamilation A segment become less similar to another segment. To ease pronunciation through dissamilation. (Fromkin pp. 306) Eg. ‘fricative dissamilation rule’ in the tongue twister “the fifth sheik’s fourth sheep is sick.” here fricative /Ө/ becomes dissimilar to the preceding fricative by becoming a stop /t/. Read Fromkin pp 306

Reading assignment Read on …. ‘deletion’ in Peter Roach