Classical Greece 4-3

Persia Ionian Greek Cities in W. Asia Minor 490 BC – Marathon 26 Miles from Athens Xerxes Defensive league under Spartans Athenians build navy 200 vessels Xerxes 180,000 Troops and hundreds of warships 7,000 including 300 Spartans Athenians were threatened and abandoned city 479 Greeks formed a large army and defeated Persian army at Platea

Athenian Empire Took over leadership of the Greek world Delian League (in Delos) Attack Persian Empire Pericles created direct democracy Any male over the age of 18 could vote Ostracism – a name of a harmful person written by 6,000 people on a pot was exiled for 10 years Expansion because there was a lack of fertile soil

Peloponnesian War 431 BC Strategies Athenian were to remain behind the city’s walls and receive supplies from their colonies and navy Sparta surrounded Athens and hoped they would send out their army Plague hit Athens 428 Pericles died 429, Athens continued fighting for another 25 years Aegospotami Athenian navy defeated End of Greek Empire Sparta, Athens, Thebes struggled to dominate Greece

Classical Greek Culture 4-4

Architecture & Sculpture Temple, dedicated to a god or goddess Acropolis Parthenon Sculpture Perfect male form Often nude Standard of Ideal Beauty Drama Tragedies Good and evil, rights of individuals, nature of divine forces, nature of human beings

Alexander & Hellenistic Era 4-5

Macedonians Invade Greece Philip II Admirer of Greek culture Battle of Chaeronea 338 BC Crushes the Greeks Alexander the Great 20 yo became king Desire for glory and empire, and avenge Persian burning of Athens in 480 BC Invade Asia Minor and free Ionian Greeks, Syria, Egypt by 332 BC Alexander, Egypt – most important city in Mediterranean world

326 BC he reached India Babylon he planed more conquest 323 BS at age of 32 he dies, exhausted form wounds, fever and too much alcohol Alexander spread the Greek language, architecture, literature, art and religious diversity

Hellenistic Era Hellenistic - ‘to imitate Greeks” Macedonia, Syria, Pergamum, Egypt Alexandria, Egypt had largest library with 500,000 scrolls Baths, theaters, temples Kings were willing to spend a lot of money Very little literature survived but a lot was written Astronomy and Mathematics flourished Aristarchus – Sun was center, earth rotated around it Eratosthenes – Earth was round 24,675 miles (within 185 miles of the actual figure)

Hellenistic Era Archimedes – Geometry of spheres and cylinders Mathematical constant pi Archimedes screw Machine used to pump water out of mines Epicureanism, founded by Epicurus Happiness was the pursuit of pleasure, the only true good Freedom from emotional turmoil and worry Free yourself from public activity