Indian Removal By Mrs. Andreatta Pg 294 - 297

Indian Removal Act! Jackson authorized the removal of Indians who lived east of the Mississippi river to the lands West. Americans wanted the Indians out of the way so they could Settle the West. Indians were moved to what is now Oklahoma. The Bureau of Indian Affairs was created to coordinate the removal of Indians.

Removal Begins! The Choctaw tribe was the 1st to be removed. Mississippi legislature abolished the Choctaw government The U.S. took 7.5 million acres of land and moved the tribe to Oklahoma (Indian Territory) in the middle of winter. The U.S. did not provide enough food or supplies - 1/4th died during the trip.

Choctaw Indian

Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek

Indians Resist Removal Other tribes heard of what happened to the Choctaw Tribe – so they resisted removal to Oklahoma. When the Creek Indians resisted – the U.S. Government captured 14,500 of them, put them in chains and forced them to walk to Oklahoma.

Creek Indians

Cherokee The tribe mainly lived in the state of Georgia. They felt that if they adopted “white” ways they would be spared removal because they would be considered “American”. It didn’t work. Gold was discovered in Georgia. The State of Georgia wanted to claim their lands to move them to Oklahoma.

Supreme Court Steps in! The state militia (army) started attacking to force the Cherokee to move. Cherokee state that they are a independent nation – that state government has no authority over them. The Supreme Court agreed – the state government has no authority and to leave them alone. But . . . The court said that the Federal Government had authority over the Indians, not the state!

Trail of Tears Georgia ignores the court’s ruling. Jackson says “Marshall has made is decision, now let him enforce it!” Spring of 1838 – U.S. removes Cherokee Indians. Over 4,500 Cherokee died on the way to Oklahoma. This is known as the “Trail of Tears.” The longest graveyard in the U.S.

Trail of Tears Painting

Trail – Today!

Cherokee Alphabet

Chickasaw Tribe Lived in the upper Mississippi Negotiated a treaty for better supplies on their trip to the Indian Territory However, many of the Chickasaw died, as well

Seminole Tribe Leaders were forced to sign a removal treaty They decided to ignore the treaty and fight back! Osceola - their leader – called upon followers to resist, starting the Second Seminole War. Osceola was captured and put in prison. 4,000 Seminoles were removed and hundreds of others killed. U.S. officials finally gave up – small groups of Seminoles managed to stay!

Boys Dorm – Carlisle Indian School

Indian Boy – Carlisle School, PA

Sioux Indians – After Removal

Girls – Carlisle School, PA

Apache Indians

Carlisle School, PA - Students

Carlisle School - Teachers

Ute Indians

Indians in Nebraska

On Display At Amusement Park

Wagon Train Escapes Indians

Indians Killed

Deserted Camp – Calif. 1911

Photo Op!

Native American History – Locally!

Where is this?

Some of you have been here!