Composition of the blood supply in the sublingual and submandibular spaces and its relationship to the lateral lingual foramen of the mandible  Koh Nakajima,

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Composition of the blood supply in the sublingual and submandibular spaces and its relationship to the lateral lingual foramen of the mandible  Koh Nakajima, PhD, Atsuko Tagaya, DDS, PhD, Mika Otonari-Yamamoto, DDS, PhD, Kenji Seki, DDS, PhD, Kazuyuki Araki, DDS, PhD, Tsukasa Sano, DDS, PhD, Tomohiro Okano, DDS, PhD, Masanori Nakamura, DDS, PhD  Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology  Volume 117, Issue 1, Pages e32-e38 (January 2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2012.03.032 Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Observation of mylohyoid muscle defect by CT image. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 2014 117, e32-e38DOI: (10.1016/j.oooo.2012.03.032) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 The specimen shown in Figure 1 was dissected. The sublingual gland has penetrated the mylohyoid muscle defect. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 2014 117, e32-e38DOI: (10.1016/j.oooo.2012.03.032) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Observation of mylohyoid muscle defect by CT image. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 2014 117, e32-e38DOI: (10.1016/j.oooo.2012.03.032) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 The specimen shown in Figure 3 was dissected. The submental artery has penetrated the mylohyoid muscle defect. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 2014 117, e32-e38DOI: (10.1016/j.oooo.2012.03.032) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Classification of arterial forms in the sublingual and submental regions. 1) Facial and lingual arteries branch independently from the external carotid artery. L: There is no communication between submental artery and lingual artery. Sublingual artery branches off lingual artery; LF-1: The profounder branch of the submental artery, which pierces through the mylohyoid muscle, and the sublingual artery, which originated from the lingual artery, form anastomoses in the sublingual space; LF-2: The profounder branch of the submental artery does not anastomose with the sublingual artery, which branched off the lingual artery. Two sublingual arteries form from the submental and lingual arteries, and distribute independently in the sublingual space; F-1: The submental artery and the sublingual artery branched off the facial artery behind the mylohyoid muscle. The sublingual artery has no supply from the lingual artery; F-2: The submental artery and the sublingual artery branched off the facial artery behind the mylohyoid muscle. The profounder branch of the submental artery and the sublingual artery (originating from the facial artery) anastomose; F-3: The profounder branch of the submental artery supplies the sublingual region and becomes the sublingual artery. The sublingual artery has not branched off the lingual artery. 2) The facial artery and the lingual artery form a common trunk. C-1: After the facial artery and the lingual artery branched, no anastomoses formed. The sublingual artery has branched from the lingual artery; C-2: The profounder branch of the submental artery and the sublingual artery, which branched off the lingual artery, anastomose in the sublingual space; C-3: The profounder branch of the submental artery becomes the sublingual artery in the sublingual space. The sublingual artery has not branched off the lingual artery; C-4: The facial artery divided into the submental and the sublingual arteries at the posterior portion of the mylohyoid muscle. The sublingual artery has not branched off the lingual artery. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 2014 117, e32-e38DOI: (10.1016/j.oooo.2012.03.032) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 The submental artery, which penetrated the mylohyoid muscle defect from the submental space, attains the sublingual space. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 2014 117, e32-e38DOI: (10.1016/j.oooo.2012.03.032) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 The facial artery branched and attains the sublingual space from the posterior edge of the mylohyoid muscle. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 2014 117, e32-e38DOI: (10.1016/j.oooo.2012.03.032) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 8 Observation of lateral lingual foramen by CT image. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 2014 117, e32-e38DOI: (10.1016/j.oooo.2012.03.032) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 9 Observation of lateral lingual foramen by horizontal section of CT image. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 2014 117, e32-e38DOI: (10.1016/j.oooo.2012.03.032) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 10 The submental artery goes into the lateral lingual foramen. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 2014 117, e32-e38DOI: (10.1016/j.oooo.2012.03.032) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 11 The submental artery passed through the lateral lingual foramen (*) and communicated with the inferior alveolar artery (IAA). Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 2014 117, e32-e38DOI: (10.1016/j.oooo.2012.03.032) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 12 The submental artery penetrated the lateral lingual foramen (*) and did not communicate with the inferior alveolar artery (IAA). Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 2014 117, e32-e38DOI: (10.1016/j.oooo.2012.03.032) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions