An-Najah National University Engineering College Civil Engineering Department

Design of Foundation for Nablus Industrial School"" Submitted by Sameh Jamal Zalmout Supervisor Dr. Sami Hijjawi

Introduction to Foundation A foundation is a structure that transfers loads to the earth. Foundations are generally broken into two categories

Types of Foundations 1- Shallow Foundation 2- Deep Foundation

Shallow Foundation 1- Spread Footing 2- Mat Slab 3- Slab on grade

1-Pile foundation systems Deep Foundation 1-Pile foundation systems 2-Pier and grade beam foundation 3-Specialty piles

Specialty Piles 1-Micropiles 2-Tripod piles 3-Sheet piles 4-Soldier piles

5-Suction Piles 6-Vibro Stone Columns 7-Piled walls 8-Pipe piles

9-Pre-stressed concrete piles 10-Cylinder Piles, (hollow concrete piles) 11-Timber Piles 12-Screw Piles 13-Platform on Piles

Project Description and Geotechnical Investigation

- The school consists 4 stories - Plan construction area 606-1053 square meter in the first and second basement, and 902 square meter in the ground and first floors

- The studied area is flat - The soil is high plastic silty clay layer -No ground water within the depth of the borehole - 6 boreholes

4.7 Bearing capacity (kg/cm2) (t/m3) Ø C (KN/m2) L (m) B Depth Soil type Elevation 1.6 6 10 36 2.0 3.0 Silty Clay (CH) 104.5 (BH.1-4) 1.8 20 33 Marl 102.0 (BH.4) 2.5 21 12 Marl+gravel 106.0 (BH.1-6) 1.7 30 4.0 Silty clay (CH) 103.0 (BH.3-2-5) 4.7 18 23 9 5.5 99.0

Gravity loads divided into 2 types; Structural Analysis Gravity loads divided into 2 types; Dead Load (D.L) Live Load (L.L) Service load=1.2 D.L+1.6 L.L

D.L= Area (around column)*Slab thickness*Density of the concrete Thickness of slab =0.4 meter Density of the concrete =2500 Kg/m³ L.L= 600 Kg/m³

Mat Foundation Mat foundation is a combined footing that may cover the entire area under a structure supporting several columns and walls Mat foundations are sometimes preferred for soil that have low bearing capacity

The project consists of two symmetrical mat foundation The following figure shows the mat foundation (using sap2000 version 12)

Mat depth= 0.75 meter َFc =280 kg/cm² Fy = 4200 kg/cm² Column height = 3.5 meter.

Pile Foundation Piles are long and slender members which transfer the load to deeper soil or rock of high bearing capacity avoiding shallow soil of low bearing capacity

Single Pile The ultimate load can be carried is equal to the sum of ultimate resistance of the base of the pile and the ultimate skin friction over the embedded shaft of the pile

Q allowable = Qp= qp*Ap qp = Nc * Cu Qs= (∑ (F*Cu*P))*ΔL

All piles used in this project was (0. 7,0 All piles used in this project was (0.7,0.8) meters diameter with several lenghts Total number of piles 105 piles

Se (1) = elastic settlement. Settlement of piles Se = Se (1) +Se (2) + Se (3) Se (1) = elastic settlement. Se (2) = elastic settlement due to load at pile tip. Se (3) = elastic settlement due to skin friction (shaft)

Pile Caps Pile Cap is defined as a concrete block cast on the head of a pile to transmit the load from the structure to the pile or group of piles.

According to the nature and characteristics of the materials encountered in the drilled boreholes (Fill materials with well defined layers of high swelling silty clay at a shallow depth followed by marlstone and occasionally boulders),

as well as the low soil bearing capacity, I suggest to consider the design of pile foundations for the building to reduce or avoid the detrimental effects of soil volume change (swelling and shrinkage) along the bored depth of the boreholes

Thank You