Staffing

HR Staffing Determining HR needs Identifying and recruiting employees Projecting staffing levels Job analyses Managing competencies Identifying and recruiting employees Evaluating candidates Selection tests Interviewing Managing retention

Job Analysis Systematic process for collecting information on the work-related aspects of a job. Work activities – what the worker does, how and why these activities are conducted. Tools and equipment used in performing work activities. Context of the work environment, such as work schedule or working conditions. Requirements for performing the job – KSA’s.

Job Analysis Applications HR Planning Recruitment: job descriptions and want ads Selection: job requirements and qualifications Pricing jobs Training and Development Performance Management

Types of “Job” Analysis Task analysis Task statements KSA’s Competency analysis Competencies Matrix / Models Compensation analysis “Compensable” factors Hay Process

Job Analysis Methods Gather job information Analyze job information Job documents Interviews: Critical Incident Technique Questionnaires: Task Inventory Analysis (customized) Position Analysis Questionnaire (off-the-shelf) Observation: Motion studies Diaries: Time studies Analyze job information Create task statements Create KSA’s or job qualifications Validate job information

KSA’s Defined Knowledge: A body of information (typically of a factual or procedural nature) that required for successful completion of a task. Skill: An individual’s level of competency or proficiency in performing a specific task. Usually be expressed in numerical terms. Ability: A more general, enduring trait or capability an individual possesses when he or she first performs a task.

Competency Models “Core Competencies” for sustainable competitive advantage. More general descriptions that cut across many categories of jobs. Integrated with selection, training, and performance management. Competencies Behavioral indicators Validation

Anheuser-Busch Competencies Task force (HR staff and facilitator) identified key business imperatives. HR Staff and consultants Company strategy and business objectives Mission and values Focus groups of managers reviewed competencies Narrowed and prioritized list Confirm or edit 4-5 specific employee behaviors for each competency

Anheuser-Busch Competencies Questionnaires sent to supervisors who were asked to rate the frequency that each behavior was exhibited by: Top performers – “role models” Satisfactory or competent employees Employees who need improvement Completed competencies integrated with selection and performance management system.

I. Achieving Competitiveness Customer Focus: Aggressively monitors and anticipates customer requirements and responds to them in an appropriate manner. Business Focus: Strategically monitors business performance and environment to enhance competitive position. Innovation and Change: Actively seeks out new ideas and displays creativity in adapting to changing conditions. Results Orientation: Demonstrates the drive and persistence to meet and exceed job goals for self or other. Analysis and Planning: Uses critical thinking to solve problems and develop effective work plans. Systems Thinking: Improves and integrates business process to meet organizational strategic goals. Technical / Functional Expertise: Demonstrates, enhances, and shares job-related knowledge and skills.

II. Succeeding Through People Valuing people: Demonstrates respect for others regardless of personal background. Commitment to Development: Develop own and others’ capabilities to better meet organizational needs. Professionalism: Demonstrates candor, composure, and commitment to obligations in work relationships. Empowerment: Delegates or accepts responsibility to expand own capabilities to take appropriate risks and make decisions. Influence: Uses appropriate methods to motivate others. Team orientation: Accepts the team approach and takes necessary action to support its processes and goals.

“Team Orientation” Behaviors Individual Contributor Recognizes that own success is linked to team success. Supports team roles, norms and decisions. Speaks up when the team is headed in wrong direction. Keeps others informed of decisions and information that may affect them. Manager Creates and monitors teams to meet business objectives. Sets clear expectations for teams. Works to build commitment towards common goals. Provides resources Recognizes team for accomplishments. Measures own success by team’s success.

Why use competency models? Why avoid competency models?

Strategy and Staffing Systems Which types of corporate and business strategies would be likely to use: Job-based staffing systems? Competency-based staffing systems?

Recruiting

Process Inputs and Outputs HR Planning: Number of jobs to be filled Recruitment: Pool of qualified and interested applicants Selection: Job Offers Job Analysis: Job Descriptions and Minimum KSA’s

Internal Recruiting Identifying and attracting applicants from among individuals already holding jobs. Why recruit internally? Why NOT recruit internally Open vs. Closed recruiting When should you post a job? When should you NOT post a job?

Open vs. Closed Systems Closed system Open system Cheaper and less time consuming Better for targeted searches Should be used if open postings aren’t really open Open system Identify more potential candidates Less likely to overlook “hidden talent” Enhances perceptions of fairness

External Recruiting Sources Walk-ins Broad Internet Print advertisements Colleges & Universities Job Fairs Employment agencies Temporary agencies Referrals from current employees Former employees Headhunters Narrow

Deciding on a Source Quantity of applicants Quality of applicants Large headcount vs. single jobs Quality of applicants Specialized skills vs. general skills Types of people that the media reaches Location and Relocation Budget Past experience

Choosing A Message Amount of contingent pay Team vs. individual work and appraisals Promotion opportunities “Promotes from within” consideration for MBA’s Details about the company “Fun place to work” Environmentally friendly

What is Most Important For You? Interesting work Wage / Salary Incentive Pay Benefits Growth / Development Opportunities Job Security Location

“War for Talent” Study Source: E. G. Chambers, H. Hanafield-Jones, S. M. Hankin, and E. G. Michaels, III, “Win the War for Top Talent,” Workforce 77, no. 12 (December 1998): 50–56. Used with permission of McKinsey & Co.

Assessing Recruiting Effectiveness Cost per hire Time to hire Tenure of employees recruited Job performance of employees recruited Yield ratios Applicants per source Candidates per applicant Offers per candidate Acceptance per offer New hire per acceptance Measuring effectiveness of advertisements by coding responses.

Yield Ratios The ratio of applicant inputs to outputs at various points in the recruitment process. Total Applicants Qualified Applicants Invited to Interview Job Offers New Hires Overall Yield: YIELD 50% / 2.0 20% / 5.0 40% / 2.5 75% / 1.33 3% / 33.3 100 50 10 4 3

Opportunistic Hiring Companies need to hunt for talent continuously to capture people when they are ready to make a move. Identify ideal candidates and court that person. Hire them for a specific position even if the slot is not currently open. While they are waiting for that position they can be doing special projects and getting to know the organization. GE brings in 100 people a year Within 18 months they are hired from the “bullpen” into line jobs within the different divisions.