World War I - Introduction What do you already know?

From World War I Manfred von Richthofen – German pilot with 80 victories in a wooden and fabric airplane French called him “le petit rouge”

From World War I Snoopy vs. The Red Baron

From World War I Red Baron (not pizza!)

From World War I Do they look the same?

From World War I Armistice Day Now Known as Veteran’s Day

From World War I Daylight Savings Time

World War I The War to End All Wars… Ever wonder what makes countries go to war? What can be so terrible that whole armies clash and try to kill each other?

WWI While Americans are working for a better life, Europeans are fighting a bloody war… In 1914, nearly all of Europe exploded into war. But for now, the war was in Europe, not the United States

4 Main Causes of WWI M.A.I.N. Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism It all started in 1914. Why? Greed, Fear and suspicion created a war that will never be forgotten. The causes can be summed up simply as MAIN. Militarism Alliances Imperialism And Nationalism

The build up of armies, navies and weaponry Militarism The build up of armies, navies and weaponry Imperialist nations had sparked an arms race to defend their holdings and possibly gain or regain territory. As we learned in the last unit, expanding countries relied on large armies and navies to protect and control their global possessions. In competition with each other, they created large armies and navies and stockpiled weapons.

Militarism

Militarism

Militarism

Alliances Created to protect national security and provide aide in the event of an attack.

Alliances They formed partnerships with each other so each country could strengthen its power Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy formed what they called the Triple Alliance France, Great Britain and Russia formed the Triple Entente

Think . . . What do you remember about it from the last unit? Imperialism Think . . . What do you remember about it from the last unit? Greed for new markets and rich resources, European nations scrambled for colonies in Africa and Asia.

Imperialism Dividing up areas of the world among the more powerful countries European powers competed with each other for raw materials and colonies

Imperialism This map shows Africa in 1914 and shows how much land the major nations had taken over. BRITAIN FRANCE GERMANY ITALY BELGIUM

Nationalism Nations who wanted back land that had natives living there (France and Russia) Areas that wanted to gain national independence from countries that had engulfed their culture (Czechs and Poles)

Nationalism Ethnic Map of Europe in 1914

Nationalism Nationalism includes an extreme patriotism and belief in one countries superiority over another

Nationalism This led to a global competition for power.

Question to Ponder . . . To what extent is conflict a byproduct of competition?

Europe is a Powder Keg! By 1914 Europe is rife with greed fear and suspicion. A powder keg ready to explode. A single event triggered an excuse to fight.

The Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Family The archduke Franz Ferdinand was next in line to the Austrian throne

The Black Hand Serbian terrorist organization Sent a small group of teenage operatives to assassinate the Archduke!

The seven conspirators were inexperienced with weapons, and it was only due to a freakish set of coincidences that they were successful. At 10:15 the parade of 4 cars passed the first member of the group, who attempted to shoot from an upstairs window, but couldn't get a clear shot and decided to hold fire so as not to jeopardize the mission by alerting the authorities. The second member,threw a bomb (or a stick of dynamite, according to some reports) at Ferdinand's car, but missed. The explosion destroyed the following car, wounding the passengers, a policeman and several members of the crowd. The terrorist swallowed his cyanide pill and jumped into the River Miljacka. The procession sped away towards the Town Hall, and the crowd turned into chaos. Police dragged the terrorist out of the river, and he was severely beaten by the crowd before being taken into custody. His cyanide pill was either old or of too weak a dosage and had not worked. Some of the other assassins left upon hearing the explosion, under the assumption that the Archduke had been killed.

Sarajevo – June 28th 1914 The seven conspirators were inexperienced with weapons, and it was only due to a freakish set of coincidences that they were successful. At 10:15 the parade of 4 cars passed the first member of the group, who attempted to shoot from an upstairs window, but couldn't get a clear shot and decided to hold fire so as not to jeopardize the mission by alerting the authorities. The second member,threw a bomb (or a stick of dynamite, according to some reports) at Ferdinand's car, but missed. The explosion destroyed the following car, wounding the passengers, a policeman and several members of the crowd. The terrorist swallowed his cyanide pill and jumped into the River Miljacka. The procession sped away towards the Town Hall, and the crowd turned into chaos. Police dragged the terrorist out of the river, and he was severely beaten by the crowd before being taken into custody. His cyanide pill was either old or of too weak a dosage and had not worked. Some of the other assassins left upon hearing the explosion, under the assumption that the Archduke had been killed.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand's arrival at the Town Hall on 28 June 1914

June 28th, 1914 On June 28th, 1914, the Archduke and his wife Sophie visited Sarajevo, Bosnia – then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. June 28, 1914

They traveled through the streets in an open car They traveled through the streets in an open car. It was their wedding anniversary. The Archduke Ignored warnings of a possible assassination plot even though many Bosnians and neighboring Serbs were tired of being mere colonies of the large Austro-Hungarian Empire. Recent terrorist attacks had proven that they were restless for independence

The Wrong Turn! The remaining conspirators didn't get an opportunity to attack because of the heavy crowds, and it was beginning to look like the assassination would fail. However, the Archduke decided to go to hospital and visit the victims of the earlier bomb. Gavrilo Princip had gone to a nearby shop for a sandwich, either having given up or wrongly assuming that the Archduke had died in the explosion, when he spotted Ferdinand's car as it drove past, having taken a wrong turn. The driver thought the Hospital was on Franz Joseph Street. When he realized his mistake, he put the car into reverse and backed slowly down the street – right in front of Princip! Dashing up to the car, Princip fired twice: the first round went through the side of the car and hit Sophie (an expectant mother) in the abdomen, and The second bullet struck the Archduke close to the heart. He uttered only one word, 'Sofia' -- a call to his stricken wife. Then his head fell back and he collapsed. They were driven to the governor's residence where they died from their wounds.

Princip tried to kill himself first by ingesting the cyanide, and then with his gun, but he vomited the poison and the gun was wrestled from his hand by a mob of on lookers before he had a chance to fire another shot

Gavrilo Princip All of the members were sentenced to prison. Princip died of tuberculosis in prison.

1914 - 1918 Austria-Hungary blamed the government of Serbia for the assassination and issued an unrealistic ultimatum. Austria-Hungary insisted that Serbia had to accept all of the conditions. To the surprise of most of Europe, Serbia accepted most of the ultimatum but 2 points. It did not matter to Austria-Hungary. They declared war on July 28, 1914. War had begun