The Cell Cycle & Cell Division

The Cell Cycle No writing this required right now, just look and listen.

MITOSIS 1 of 2 kinds of cellular division, occurs in most of your body cells

Mitosis The process of cell division which results in the production of two daughter cells from a single parent cell. Mitosis- The daughter cells are identical to one another and to the original parent cell (TRUE clones).

Mitosis can be divided into stages Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase & Cytokinesis No writing this required right now

Interphase The cell prepares for division Animal Cell DNA replicated Organelles replicated Cell increases in size Plant Cell DNA replicated Organelles replicated Cell increases in size

Interphase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Prophase The cell prepares for nuclear division Animal Cell Packages DNA into chromosomes Plant cell Packages DNA into chromosomes

Prophase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Metaphase The cell prepares chromosomes for division Animal Cell Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell Spindle fibers attach from daughter cells to chromosomes at the centromere Plant Cell Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell Spindle fibers attach from daughter cells to chromosomes at the centromere

Metaphase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Anaphase The chromosomes divide Animal Cell Spindle fibers pull chromosomes apart ½ of each chromosome (called chromotid) moves to each daughter cell Plant Cell Spindle fibers pull chromosomes apart ½ of each chromosome (called chromotid) moves to each daughter cell

Anaphase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Telophase The cytoplasm divides Plant Cell DNA spreads out 2 nuclei form New cell wall forms between to nuclei to form the 2 new daughter cells Animal Cell DNA spreads out 2 nuclei form Cell wall pinches in to form the 2 new daughter cells

Telophase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Animal Mitosis -- Review Interphase                                                              Prophase                                                              Metaphase                                                              Anaphase                                                              Telophase                                                             

Plant Mitosis -- Review Interphase                                                              Prophase                                                              Metaphase                                                              Anaphase                                                              Telophase                                                             

Let’s observe Mitosis Take time now to use the micro-viewers with the prepared slides of cells in various states of mitotic division. Use what you have taken notes on today with what you see in your viewer to create a learning guide.

Telophase & Cytokinesis Interphase Prophase Cell Cycle & Cellular Division Your name (____________) Telophase & Cytokinesis Anaphase Metaphase

Telophase & Cytokinesis Interphase Prophase Cell Cycle & Cellular Division Your name (____________) Telophase & Cytokinesis Anaphase Metaphase

Telophase & Cytokinesis Interphase Prophase Cell Cycle & Cellular Division Your name (____________) Telophase & Cytokinesis Anaphase Metaphase

Challenge Question Must Have Can Include Real world connection Be MITOSIS only One human application, and one non-human application One plant and one animal application One multicellular and one unicellular application Survival advantages and disadvantages of using asexual reproduction process of mitosis A variety of organisms in the biological kingdoms Pictures (hand drawn) Colorful pictures (hand drawn) Information about the survival advantages and disadvantages of using meiosis with sexual reproduction

Challenge Assignment Avoid Presentations Anything that is “silly” or distracting from the content on Mitosis. Stay focused Using toy or real animals Making videos Doing too much, you should make a list of what you will do day-by-day to stay on target Will be Monday or Tuesday as selected by a random drawing of names One at a time (not in stations) Major grade! Rubrics will be provided at the end of the week when your products are being made

What I need from you today: Slip of paper with your (or everyone’s) names on it Day by Day check list (copy, you keep one too) of what you will complete to be ready by Monday A brief…summary… of what you will be discussing in your project (organisms, real world applications…)

MEIOSIS 2nd kind of cellular division, only happens with the formation of gametes

Meiosis- One parent cell produces four daughter cells. Meiosis is the type of cell division by which germ cells (eggs and sperm) are produced. Meiosis- One parent cell produces four daughter cells. Daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes found in the original parent cell.

During meiosis, DNA replicates once, but the nucleus divides twice.

(Since there are 2 divisions of DNA) Meiosis The four stages we learned about before with mitosis are used to describe the stages in meiosis but are then listed as Type 1 or Type 2. (Since there are 2 divisions of DNA)

First Division of Meiosis Prophase 1: Each chromosome duplicates and remains closely associated. These are called sister chromatids. Metaphase 1: Chromosomes align at the center of the cell. Anaphase 1: Chromosome pairs separate with sister chromatids remaining together. Telophase 1: Two daughter cells are formed with each daughter containing only one chromosome of the chromosome pair. This will seem very familiar to Mitosis…

Prophase I http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html

Prophase I http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html

Metaphase I http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html

Telophase I http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html

Second Division of Meiosis

Second Division of Meiosis Prophase 2: DNA does not replicate. Metaphase 2: Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell Anaphase 2: Centromeres divide and sister chromatids move separately to each pole. Telophase 2: Cell division is complete. Four haploid daughter cells are formed. “Half”

Prophase II http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html

Metaphase II http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html

Telophase II http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html

Meiosis

Meiosis Animation http://www.rothamsted.bbsrc.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/movie/meiosis.htm

Differences in Mitosis & Meiosis Asexual Cell divides once Two daughter cells Genetic information is identical Meiosis Sexual Cell divides twice Four haploid daughter cells Genetic information is different

Telophase II & Cytokinesis II Mitosis vs. Meiosis Mitosis happens in your normal body cells, Meiosis happens only in your gametes Mitosis Replicates and Divides the DNA once (full set, Diploid), Meiosis Replicates the DNA once and Divides twice (half set, Haploid) Interphase II Prophase II Telophase II & Cytokinesis II Anaphase II Metaphase II

Comparison Animations http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/baby/divi_flash.html http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/science/sciber00/7th/genetics/sciber/animatin.htm

So, what happens if these processes produce errors?...