Enter the classroom silently and find your seat. Statement of Inquiry: 9/28/2015 Warm Up: Brain Dump Objective(s): (Obj 1) Analyze the flow of energy in living systems (cellular respiration) (OBj 2) Identify the process of fermentation in the second stage of cellular respiration. Summarize the events of the four stages of mitosis and differentiate cytokinesis in animal and plant cells. AGENDA 7 min Enter the classroom silently and find your seat. Write down homework in your planner. Warm- UP Wait silently for instructions Cellular respiration review Cell Cycle Cellular Division

Brain Dump Passive transport Active transport Cellular respiration Photosynthesis Cell organelles Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Biomolecules

PASS BACK TEST go over answers… questions PASS BACK TEST go over answers… questions?? SWITCH SLIDES…CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Cell Cycle, Cancer & Exit tickets Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

The Cell Cycle Orderly set of steps between eukaryotic cell divisions Why do Cells Divide? Think, Pair, Share Growth Reproduction Repair

Cell Cycle Two major stages: Interphase – cell is not dividing Mitotic (M) phase – cell is dividing

Stages of interphase Interphase G1 phase (first gap phase) – growth phase when new organelles are produced and centrioles are produced S phase (synthesis) – nuclear DNA is replicated G2 phase (second gap phase) – brief growth period for production of enzymes needed for cell division, organelle and centriole production finishes

Stages of mitotic phase Mitosis – nucleus divides two sets of chromosomes into two daughter nuclei (4 phases) Cytokinesis – cytoplasm divides (usually begins during telophase)

Control of the Cell Cycle  G0 Checkpoint – Cell exits cycle – nondividing cell G1 Checkpoint - Check to see if DNA is damaged G2 Checkpoint - Check to see if DNA is replicated properly M Checkpoint - spindle assembly checkpoint, check for alignment of chromosomes  Apoptosis - programmed cell death, if any of the checks fail

Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase iPMAT “Please make another twin”

Exit tickets Complete the biomolecule exit ticket Place the ticket in the raspberry tray on your way out the door.

Objective of the day Summarize the events of the four stages of mitosis and differentiate cytokinesis in animal and plant cells.

Cell Cycle, Cancer & Cell Division Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

WHY? 5 min Why some of the cells are smaller than others?

Reason They have recently divided and have not grown to full size.

Statement of Inquiry/IB Trait The relationship between the structure and function of our parts is one way that we define what it means to be human. IB TRAIT: KNOWLEDGEABLE, COMMUNICATORS and INQUIRERS

Homework Write definitions for: gene chromosome chromatid homologous chromosome prophase Metaphase Anaphase telophase mitosis cytokinesis

Cellular Division

DNA Replication DNA must be copied or replicated before cell division Each new cell will then have an identical copy of the DNA Original DNA strand Two new, identical DNA strands

Chromosomes

Prokaryotic Chromosome The DNA of prokaryotes (bacteria) is one, circular chromosome attached to the inside of the cell membrane

Eukaryotic Chromosomes All eukaryotic cells store genetic information in chromosomes Most eukaryotes have between 10 and 50 chromosomes in their body cells Human body cells have 46 chromosomes or 23 identical pairs

Eukaryotic Chromosomes Each chromosome is composed of a single, tightly coiled DNA molecule Chromosomes can’t be seen when cells aren’t dividing and are called chromatin

Chromosomes in Dividing Cells Duplicated chromosomes are called chromatids & are held together by the centromere Called Sister Chromatids

Karyotype A picture of the chromosomes from a human cell arranged in pairs by size First 22 pairs are called autosomes Last pair are the sex chromosomes XX female or XY male

The Y Chromosome Decides Boy or Girl? The Y Chromosome Decides Y - Chromosome X - Chromosome

Prokaryotic Cell Undergoing Binary Fission

Mitosis

Eukaryotic Cell Division Used for growth and repair Produce two new cells identical to the original cell Cells are diploid (2n) Chromosomes during Metaphase of mitosis Cytokinesis Anaphase Prophase Metaphase Telophase

Mitosis Division of the nucleus Also called karyokinesis Only occurs in eukaryotes Has four stages Doesn’t occur in some cells such as brain cells

Four Mitotic Stages Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Prophase What the cell looks like What’s happening

Metaphase Chromosomes, attached to the kinetochore fibers, move to the center of the cell Chromosomes are now lined up at the equator Equator of Cell Pole of the Cell

Metaphase Asters at the poles Spindle Fibers Chromosomes lined at the Equator

Anaphase Occurs rapidly Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell by kinetochore fibers

Anaphase Sister Chromatids being separated

Telophase Sister chromatids at opposite poles Spindle disassembles Nuclear envelope forms around each set of sister chromatids Nucleolus reappears CYTOKINESIS occurs Chromosomes reappear as chromatin

Comparison of Anaphase & Telophase

Cytokinesis Means division of the cytoplasm Division of cell into two, identical halves called daughter cells In plant cells, cell plate forms at the equator to divide cell In animal cells, cleavage furrow forms to split cell

Cytokinesis Cleavage furrow in animal cell Cell plate in plant cell

Daughter Cells of Mitosis Have the same number of chromosomes as each other and as the parent cell from which they were formed Identical to each other, but smaller than parent cell Must grow in size to become mature cells (G1 of Interphase)

Song Time https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOsAbTi9tHw&index=17&list=UUGJqRYuHwar5W6fzQO4VxxQ

Mitosis in Onion Root Tips Do you see any stages of mitosis?

Can we identify the Stages ? Early, Middle, & Late Prophase ? ? ? Metaphase Anaphase Late Prophase ? ? ? Telophase & Cytokinesis Late Anaphase Telophase

Locate the Four Mitotic Stages in Plants Anaphase Telophase Metaphase Prophase

Talk to someone you have not talked to today. 25 jumping jacks 3 min Brain Break here Ideas: Drink water Talk to someone you have not talked to today. 25 jumping jacks Simon Says One minute dance party

Guided Practice #2 10min Draw pictures of each stage of mitosis on four note cards. On one side, write the name of the stage. On the opposite side, draw an accurate sketch of the stage.

Turn and Talk Discuss what your diagrams look like and compare your phases. 2 min (Introduce Yourself)

Mitotic Phases

Independent Practice 10 min Complete the Independent Practice #2 section of your guided notes. Describe the events that occur during each of the four stages of mitosis. Compare how cytokinesis occurs in plant cells with how it occurs in animal cells. Voice level 0

Exit Ticket 5 min Complete the exit ticket silently and stack at your table group when you are finished. You may pack up your things.

STOP Cards S Summarize: Summarize the day’s lesson and what we learned. T Trait: What IB trait relates to the lesson? O Objective: Re-state in your own words and say whether or not we met that objective for the day. P Purpose: What was the purpose of this lesson?

Exit Procedure SILENTLY Pack up all of your things. Wait for teach directions to: Push in your chair. Form a line at the door. Silently exit the classroom. Hallways are a Level 1 (whisper)