“Foreign Affairs and Diplomacy” Page 482-487 Chapter 17 Section 1 “Foreign Affairs and Diplomacy” Page 482-487

Isolationism to Internationalism Domestic affairs (Home), Foreign affairs (nation’s relationship with other nations) Isolationism: a purposeful refusal to become generally involved in the affairs of the res of the world Before 1940s-World War II U.S. position changed Today, survival of the U.S. is affected by much that happens elsewhere on the globe.

Isolationism to Internationalism Wars and other political upheavals abroad have an impact on the United States on the daily lives of American people. Threats posed by “rogue states” that threaten the security of the U.S. Economic conditions elsewhere in the world also have a direct and often immediate effect on and in this country. Policies that protect and promote the security of all nations can assure the security and well-being of the United States.

Foreign Policy Defined Foreign Policy: made up of all of the stands and actions that a nation takes in every aspect of its relationships with other countries—diplomatic, military, commercial, and all others. Consists of all the Federal government’s officials statements and all of its actions as it conducts this nation’s foreign relations. Ex: alliances, international trade, the defense budget, foreign economic & military aid, the U.N., nuclear weapons testing, and disarmament negotiations.

Foreign Policy Defined Some aspects remain unchanged over time. Ex: an insistence on freedom of the seas has been a basic part of American policy from the nation’s beginnings. Some are flexible The U.S. relationship with the Soviet Union The President is both the nation’s chief diplomat and the commander in chief of its armed forces.

The State Department Headed by the secretary of state Appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate

The Secretary of State Ranks first among the members of the President’s Cabinet. Thomas Jefferson-first First woman: Madeleine Albright First African American: Colin Powell First African American woman: Condoleezza Rice

Organization and Components Organized along both geographic and functional lines Bureau of African Affairs and the Bureau of Near Eastern affairs Other agencies have broader missions Ex: Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs

Overseas Representatives 12,000 people now represent the U.S. as members of the Foreign Service Under international law, every nation has the right of legation: the right to send and receive diplomatic representatives. International law: rules & principles that guide sovereign states in dealing with one another Sources of International law include treaties, decisions of international courts, and custom,

Ambassadors Ambassador: the official representative of a sovereign state in the conduct of its foreign affairs. 260 diplomatic and consular offices abroad Promote American interests such as encouraging trade, gathering intelligence data, advising persons who seek to enter the U.S, and aiding American citizens who are abroad.

Ambassadors President makes appointments (reward for those individuals’ support) Many cases positions filled with career diplomats in the Foreign Service.

Special Diplomats United States representative to the UN and the American member of the North Atlantic Treaty Council.

Diplomatic Immunity In International law, every sovereign state is supreme within its own boundaries. All persons or things found within that state’s territories. Major exception to the rule: ambassadors granted diplomatic immunity (Not subject to the laws of the state to which they are accredited. ) Cannot be arrested, sued, or taxed

Diplomatic Immunity Essential to the ability of every nation to conduct its foreign relations. The practice assumes that diplomats will not abuse their privileged status. Diplomat’s conduct unacceptable, that official may be declared persona non grata and expelled from the country Mistreatment of a diplomat is a violation of international law

Passports Passport: legal document issued by a state that identifies a person as a citizen of that state. Grants that person a right of protection while traveling abroad and the right to return to their homeland. State Department issues passports Visas: a permit to enter another state and must be obtained from the country one wishes to enter.