6 Kingdom Classification System Archaebacteria / Eubacteria

How we got to the 6 kingdom classification system we have today? 2 Kingdoms  Plants and Animals 3 Kingdoms  Added Protista (microorganisms) 4 Kingdoms  Added Fungi (molds and mushrooms) 5 Kingdoms  Added Monera (NO true nucleus) 6 Kingdoms  Monera are divided into: Archaebacteria / Eubacteria

The 5 Kingdoms

Monera - DIVIDED Archaebacteria – thrive in harsh conditions - Cell wall and ribosomes Example: methanogens, thermophiles, halophiles Eubacteria – rigid surface (unusual cell wall) Example: bacteria, cyanobacteria

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Viruses Questions Where do viruses fit into the model of the 6 Kingdom classification system? Are viruses considered living organisms? 6 6

Viruses What are the characteristics of living organisms? Living things… are made of cells grow and develop reproduce respond to their environment adapt to their environment obtain and use energy produce wastes 7 7

Viruses More realistic size of a virus compared to an animal cell Magnified image of a virus Image of an animal cell cells can fulfill all characteristics of life viruses on their own can be considered lifeless chemicals, unless ……? 8 8

Viruses Answer … unless they are reproducing viruses are not considered to be living organisms because: not made up of cells only capable of 1 life function i.e. reproduction & only within a living cell outside cells, viruses are lifeless chemicals 9 9

Typical Viral Stucture capsid: protein coat for protection core: either DNA or RNA (genetic material) Receptor sites: spikes that help virus attach to its specific host cell 10 10

Viral Capsids Numerous shapes Rods or filaments: Examples: Tobacco Mosaic Virus Ebola 11 11

Viral Capsids Spherical: Influenza SARS HIV Smallpox 12 12

Viral Capsids Geometric Shapes: Adenovirus (colds) Bacteriophage T4 Page 104 20-sided polygon (icosahedron) 13 13

Viral Classification (human respiratory cells) Viruses are generally classified by: the organisms they infect host range (cells that the virus can infect) examples: a) cold virus b) rabies c) HIV d) bacteriophage structure size and shape of the capsid type genetic material (human respiratory cells) (nerve cells in dogs, rodents, humans) (human WBC) (bacteria) (DNA or RNA) 8/6/2018 14 14

Viral Size so small measured in units called nanometres (nm) 1nm = 1X10-9 m (billionth of a metre) size ranges from 20 - 400 nm 8/6/2018 15 15

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5 Kingdom Classification System Organisms Prokaryotes very tiny simple cells no true nucleus no organelles Eukaryotes larger more complex cells have a nucleus have numerous organelles Cell Wall No Cell Wall Autotrophs make their own food by photo- synthesis Heterotrophs can’t make their own food must eat other organisms Unicellular Multicellular 2. Plants Monera 3. Fungi 4.Protists 5. Animals moss ferns yeast mould mushrooms bacteria amoeba *algae insects fish

The 5 Kingdoms

Some examples of each of the 6 Kingdoms 3. Plants 2.Archaebacteria Eubacteria moss ferns methanogens bacteria 6. Animals 5.Protists insects fish 4. Fungi amoeba *algae yeast mould mushrooms

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