EFFECT OF ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA ON BROILER CHICKENS HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE IN SUMMER Alloui, N1*, Bennoune, O 1, Alloui, M.N.2 1 Veterinary and Agronomy Sciences Institute, LESPA, University of Batna, Algeria 2 National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland Email : univbatna.asa@gmail.com XVI th International congress on animal hygiene, 5-10 may 2013, nanging, china

Outline 1-Introduction 2-Material and methods * keeping system *measurement 3-Results *temperature *amonia (NH3) *air velocity 4-Conclusion

INTRODUCTION : Poultry production in Algeria The poultry industry in Algeria is a major step to efforts aimed at furnishing the needed high quality protein to Algerians through meat and egg supply. Poultry production in Algeria has increased tremendously in the last few decades (FAO, 2000). Over this period, successive governments encouraged the development of large scale modern poultry enterprises. Poultry production is attractive because birds are able to adapt easily, have low economic value, rapid generation time and a high rate of productivity that can result in the production of meat within eight weeks and first egg within eighteen weeks after chick hatching. Unfortunately, the poultry industry in Algeria has technical and organizational problems

Problematic ? 1-Economical reasons *Population in Algeria : forty million *High demand on animals protein 2- Climatic Environment * Very high temperature in summer * lack of pad cooling and ventilation in livestock buildings 3-Animal * Imported animal breeds * no selection of local breeds resistant against hot climate 4-Feed * Imported raw materials (corn, soybeans and drugs) * Very high cost of feed

Current status of poultry buildings * Building built in hard and greenhouse * Natural ventilation * Absent thermal insulation * Pad cooling not installed * High population density per m2 * Litter (sand, wood shavings, straw)

Traditional broiler house in hard (60%) (external view)

Broiler house in hard (internal view)

Broiler greenhouse (10%) (internal view) (external view)

Modern complex of broiler house (30%) (external view) (internal view)

Study 1: Keeping systems investigated Materal and methods Study 1: Keeping systems investigated Parameters Broiler house1 Broiler house 2 Building Cement brick Straw 3Kg/m2 Ventilation Natural Dynamic (10 extractors) Birds population 10 000 Area (m2) 10 X 100 10 x 100

Weater station « Oregon Scientifique , Bar 938 H.G Model » Measuring technique Temperature : Weater station «  Oregon Scientifique , Bar 938 H.G Model » Methodology : Rokicki, Kolbuszewski , 1996

Measuring technique Air velocity : Anemometer type digital Testo 415 Methodology: Rokicki, Kolbuszewski, 1996

Gas Sensor (TG-501TOX multi-gas monitor sensor Direct Sense) Measuring technique Ammonia ( NH3) Gas Sensor (TG-501TOX multi-gas monitor sensor Direct Sense) Occupational exposure limit for birds : 20 ppm Methodology: Rokicki, Kolbuszewski, 1996

Results: Comparison of internal temperatures (0°C) in broiler houses

Results: Comparison of air velocity in broiler houses (m/s)

Results: Comparison of air ammonia (NH3) in broiler houses (ppm)

Performance of production and mortality in broiler houses Capacity (birds) Bird/m2 Feed intake (gr) Live weight (gr) Feed conversion Mortality (%) 1 10 000 10 4480±132 1682±79 2.66 10.5 2 3700±104 1870±56 1.98 4.8 *Cost of installation of ventilation and pad cooling in broiler house 2 : 2000 $ *Evaluation of economic losses in broiler house1 : 2350 $

Effect of ammonia on the health in broiler house 1 Internal irritation of the eye (conjunctivitis) Eye closure chicken to irritation of NH3

Conclusion Mechanical ventilation is a process which is necessary to install in all the broiler houses because it involves an improvement of the internal environment parameters of the building in the summer for hot countries: - An increase in the air flow and its velocity - A decrease in high temperatures in poultry houses - A reduction of the concentration of ammonia - An improvement of production performances - A reduction of the death rate

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