Date of download: 11/13/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Role of Neck Muscle Activities on the Risk of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in American Football J Biomech Eng. 2017;139(10):101002-101002-7. doi:10.1115/1.4037399 Figure Legend: The head and neck complex extracted from the GHBM. (a) and (b) bulk muscles for simulating passive response; (c) and (d) 27 pairs of active muscles.

Date of download: 11/13/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Role of Neck Muscle Activities on the Risk of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in American Football J Biomech Eng. 2017;139(10):101002-101002-7. doi:10.1115/1.4037399 Figure Legend: Stress–strain curve defined for helmet foam

Date of download: 11/13/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Role of Neck Muscle Activities on the Risk of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in American Football J Biomech Eng. 2017;139(10):101002-101002-7. doi:10.1115/1.4037399 Figure Legend: Determination of the impact location and direction using trial and error method by comparing (a) impact force, (b) translational velocity, and (c) translational acceleration calculated from simulations to those reported experimental data by Viano et al. [4]. (a) Frontal view and (b) top view.

Date of download: 11/13/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Role of Neck Muscle Activities on the Risk of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in American Football J Biomech Eng. 2017;139(10):101002-101002-7. doi:10.1115/1.4037399 Figure Legend: Final impact location and direction

Date of download: 11/13/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Role of Neck Muscle Activities on the Risk of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in American Football J Biomech Eng. 2017;139(10):101002-101002-7. doi:10.1115/1.4037399 Figure Legend: Comparisons of head rotational velocities among all setups

Date of download: 11/13/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Role of Neck Muscle Activities on the Risk of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in American Football J Biomech Eng. 2017;139(10):101002-101002-7. doi:10.1115/1.4037399 Figure Legend: Distributions of elements exceeded the injury threshold of 15% at 35 ms postimpact for No_muscle (volume = 27.4%) and Early_activation (volume = 17.8%) setups

Date of download: 11/13/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Role of Neck Muscle Activities on the Risk of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in American Football J Biomech Eng. 2017;139(10):101002-101002-7. doi:10.1115/1.4037399 Figure Legend: Neck compression under different muscle strengths