October ??, 2016 Bell Work Objectives What was the date of the Oklahoma Land Run? Assess how whites created a segregated society in the South. Analyze efforts to limit immigration and the effects. Compare the situations of Mexican Americans and of women.

Chapter 9 Issues of the Gilded Age Section 1: Segregation and Social Tensions Pg. 264- 271

Blacks Lose Freedoms Presidential Election 1876 Jim Crow Laws Federal troops removed from the South Jim Crow Laws Kept blacks and whites segregated

Blacks Lose Freedoms Getting around the 15th Amendment Poll tax- pay a fee in order to vote Literacy tests- must pass a reading test to vote Grandfather clauses- you can only vote if your ancestors could vote before 1866

New Laws Force Segregation Jim Crow De facto segregation- actual segregation (where you can live) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Upheld constitutionality of Jim Crow States must maintain “separate but equal”

African Americans Oppose Injustices Booker T. Washington Born a slave Blacks need to accommodate themselves to segregation Build up economic resources, don’t focus on overturning Jim Crow Tuskegee Institute- “industrial education” W.E.B. Du Bois Ph.D. from Harvard Blacks should demand full and immediate equality Ida B. Wells Used her newspaper Free Speech to speak out against lynching

Chinese Face Discrimination Chinese immigrants face racial prejudice “Oriental school”- segregated school for Chinese Chinese Exclusion Act- prevented immigration of Chinese laborers Supreme Court upholds this Saum Song Bo- outspoken activist Yick Wo v. Hopkins (1886) California law bans a Chinese man from operating a laundry Supreme Court sides with Chinese **Born of Chinese descent, can’t have citizenship taken

Mexican Americans Struggle Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Guaranteed property rights of Mexicans living in Southwest prior to war Most Mexican Americans lost their land Have no “American” proof of ownership “Santa Fe Ring”- an association of prominent whites Convinced government to grant them control of millions of acres in NM Las Gorras Blancas Mexican American group who targeted property of large ranch owners Cut holes in fences, burn houses Alianza Hispano-Americana To protect culture, legal rights, and interests

Women Gain and Suffer Susan B. Anthony & Elizabeth Cady Stanton Formed the National Woman Suffrage Association Fought for constitutional amendment to vote Suffrage- voting Anthony illegally votes in an election Education By 1900, 1/3 of college students are women Reform movements Women’s Christian Temperance Union Prohibit sale and consumption of alcohol Francis Willard

October ??, 2016 Bell Work Objectives What black rights advocate encouraged black Americans to demand immediate and full equality? Analyze the issue of corruption in national politics. Discuss civil service reform during the 1870s. Assess the importance of economic issues in the Gilded Age.

Issues of the Gilded Age Political and Economic Challenges Pg. 273- 276

Balance of Power Stalemate (1877-1900) House, Senate, and Presidency are divided Very little legislation is passed Weak presidents (Hays, Harrison, Garfield, Arthur) Grover Cleveland President with a reputation for integrity Served two terms, not consecutive

Corruption “The Bosses of the Senate”- Joseph Keppler Thomas Nast exposes “Boss” Tweed

Corruption Spoils System Introduced by President Andrew Jackson Rewarding loyalty, with little regard for qualifications Civil Service- federal jobs in the executive branch Assassination of Garfield Charles J. Guiteau- didn’t receive civil service job Pendleton Civil Service Act (1883) Signed by President Chester Arthur Civil Service Commission, exam Eventually reduced power of spoils system

Economic Issues Gold Standard- gold as nation’s currency Tariff question- 1888 Republicans = high Democrats = low Monetary Policy Greenbacks- caused inflation during Civil War Coinage Act of 1873 Reversed government policy of making gold and silver coins “Crime of 1873”

October ??, 2016 Bell Work Objectives During the Gilded Age, which American president had a reputation for honesty and integrity? Analyze the problems farmers faced and the groups they formed to address them. Assess the goals of the Populists, and explain why the Populist Party did not last.

Issues of the Gilded Age Section 3: Farmers and Populism Pg. 277- 283

Farmers Face Problems Low prices and high transportation costs Debt Crop prices plummet Prices on supplies rise Tenant farming Farmers mortgage land Big business Railroads and banks High prices and interest Dishonest merchants

Farmers Seek Change The Granger Movement- “Patrons of Husbandry” Oliver H. Kelley- founder, Minnesota farmer Goals- Education on farming techniques and regulation of railroads and grain elevators “Grange Laws” Set max rates for shipping and storage Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)

Farmers Seek Change Farmers’ Alliance Formed cooperatives to collectively sell crops “sub-treasuries”- postal banks, provide low-interest loans Fought for lower prices on supplies Colored Farmers’ Alliance

Populist Party Demands Reform Farmers’ alliance forms into the Populist Party (1892) People’s party Platform Fight low prices  coinage of sliver, “free silver” Fight high costs  government ownership of railroads Advanced cause of women’s suffrage Their enemy = industrial elite Nominate- James Weaver (Iowa), & James Field (VA)

Populist Party Demands Reform Populist success (1892) Weaver won 1 million presidential votes 3 governors, 5 senators, 10 congressmen Populist leaders in the South try to unite races Democrats use racist tactics

Economic Crisis 1893- beginning of 4 year depression Populist gain support of urban workers Presidential election of 1896 Republicans- William McKinley Labels opponent as a potential dictator Democrats- William Jennings Bryan (“Cross of Gold”) Populist endorse him Campaigns directly with the people McKinley wins with 51% of popular vote

Populism’s Legacy Populists can’t recover from endorsement of Bryan Many voters return to the Democratic Party Progressivism Progressives will support graduated income tax, regulation of railroad, and flexible monetary system Changes style of politics- relate to the people