CCNA Network Fundamentals By: Hyder Hamandi

How Networks Impact Daily Life Chapter One : Introduction How Networks Impact Daily Life Improving our lives.

How Networks Impact Daily Life Applications help us to Chatting Download Files Purchasing Read News See & speak to others Education Sharing Many other things

How Networks Impact Daily Life Ways of communication over a network changes the way we work

How Networks Impact Daily Life Describe ways communication over a network supports the way we play

Data Networking Role, Components, and Challenges The various elements that make up a network Devices These are used to communicate with one another Medium This is how the devices are connected together Messages Information that travels over the medium Rules Governs how messages flow across network

Network Architecture Characteristics Four characteristics that are addressed by network architecture design Fault tolerance (Backup) Scalability (Extension , Adding) Quality of service (priority, Quality) Security (against illegal use)

Network Architecture Characteristics Packet switching helps improve fault tolerance of the Internet architecture

Network Architecture Characteristics Characteristics of the Internet that help it scale to meet user demand Hierarchical Common standards Common protocols

Network Architecture Characteristics Administrators define precisely the priority rules

Network Architecture Characteristics Different QoS mechanisms work to ensure quality of Data.

Network Architecture Characteristics Networks must be secure

Network Architecture Characteristics Basic measures to secure data networks Ensure confidentiality through use of User authentication Data encryption Maintain communication integrity through use of Digital signatures Ensure availability through use of Firewalls Redundant network architecture Hardware without a single point of failure

Data Representation Binary (Transmission, Path Calculation) Decimal (IPv.4 Address, 4 Bytes) Hexadecimal (MAC Address, 6 Bytes) MAC Address → Hexadecimal (12 hexa digital) one hexa digit = 4 bits, 12 * 4 = 48 bits (6 bytes) Examples IP Address : 20.10.10.12 20.255.255.255 MAC Address : FF-A2-BB-C0-E1-00 FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF