Chapter 7 Voluntary Movement.

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chapter 7 Voluntary Movement

Figure 7.1

Figure 7.2

Table 7.1

Figure 7.3 Adapted by permission from B.R. Botterman, M.D. Binder, and D.G. Stuart 1978.

Figure 7.4 Adapted, by permission, K. Pearson and J. Gordon, 2000, Spinal reflexes. In Principles of neural science, 4th ed., edited by E.R. Kandel, J.H. Schwartz, and T.M. Jessel (New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies), 719. Adapted by permission of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Figure 7.5 Adapted, by permission, K. Pearson and J. Gordon, 2000, Spinal reflexes. In Principles of neural science, 4th ed., edited by E.R. Kandel, J.H. Schwartz, and T.M. Jessel (New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies), 719. Adapted by permission of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Figure 7.6 Adapted from N.A. Al-Falahe, M. Nagaoka, and A.B. Vallbo 1990.

Adapted by permission from A. Prochazka 1996. Figure 7.7 Adapted by permission from A. Prochazka 1996.

Adapted from N.A. Al-Falahe, M. Nagaoka, and A.B. Vallbo 1990. Figure 7.8 Adapted from N.A. Al-Falahe, M. Nagaoka, and A.B. Vallbo 1990.

Figure 7.9

Figure 7.10

Data from Jacques Duchateau Ph.D. Figure 7.11 Data from Jacques Duchateau Ph.D.

Data from Benjamin K. Barry Ph.D. Figure 7.12 Data from Benjamin K. Barry Ph.D.

Table 7.2

Table 7.3

Figure 7.13 Adapted by permission from G.N. Lewis, C.D. MacKinnon, and E.J. Perreault 2006.

Figure 7.14

Figure 7.15a Adapted from Crone et al. 1987. (continued)

Figure 7.15b Adapted from Crone et al. 1987.

Figure 7.16

Adapted by permission from M. Schieppati et al. 1991. Figure 7.17 Adapted by permission from M. Schieppati et al. 1991.

Adapted by permission from E. Pierrot-Deseilligny and D. Burke 2005. Figure 7.18 Adapted by permission from E. Pierrot-Deseilligny and D. Burke 2005.

Figure 7.19

Adapted by permission from E. Pierrot-Deseilligny and D. Burke 2005. Figure 7.20 Adapted by permission from E. Pierrot-Deseilligny and D. Burke 2005.

Figure 7.21

Figure 7.22

Figure 7.23

Figure 7.24 Adapted from Masher 1976.

Adapted with permission from P.J. Cordo and L.M. Nashner 1982. Figure 7.25 Adapted with permission from P.J. Cordo and L.M. Nashner 1982.

Data from Johansson et al. 1992c. Figure 7.26 Data from Johansson et al. 1992c.

Figure 7.27 Adapted by permission from P.S.G. Stein, S. Grillner, A.I. Selverston, and D.G. Stuart 1997.

Figure 7.28 Adapted by permission from P.S.G. Stein, S. Grillner, A.I. Selverston, and D.G. Stuart 1997.

Figure 7.29 Adapted, by permission, from K. Pearson and J. Gordon, 2000, Locomotion. In Principles of neural science, 4th ed., edited by E.R. Kandel, J.H. Schwartz, and T.M. Jessel ((New York: McGraw-Hill Companies), 745). Copyright 2000 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Data from Pearson 1993; Pearson and Ramirez 1997. Figure 7.30 Data from Pearson 1993; Pearson and Ramirez 1997.

Figure 7.31

Adapted by permission from S. Grillner et al. 2005. Figure 7.32 Adapted by permission from S. Grillner et al. 2005.

Figure 7.33

Adapted from Cappellini et al. 2006; Ivanenko et al. 2006a. Figure 7.34a Adapted from Cappellini et al. 2006; Ivanenko et al. 2006a. (continued)

Adapted from Cappellini et al. 2006; Ivanenko et al. 2006a. Figure 7.34b Adapted from Cappellini et al. 2006; Ivanenko et al. 2006a.

Figure 7.35

Adapted by permission from R.F. Schmidt 1983. Figure 7.36 Adapted by permission from R.F. Schmidt 1983.

Figure 7.37

Adapted by permission from R. Shadmehr and S.P. Wise 2004. Figure 7.38 Adapted by permission from R. Shadmehr and S.P. Wise 2004.

Data from Scott et al. 2001; Shadmehr and Wise 2005. Figure 7.39a Data from Scott et al. 2001; Shadmehr and Wise 2005. (continued)

Data from Scott et al. 2001; Shadmehr and Wise 2005. Figure 7.39b Data from Scott et al. 2001; Shadmehr and Wise 2005.

Adapted by permission from R. Shadmehr and S.P. Wise 2004. Figure 7.40 Adapted by permission from R. Shadmehr and S.P. Wise 2004.

Adapted by permission from R. Shadmehr and S.P. Wise 2004. Figure 7.41 Adapted by permission from R. Shadmehr and S.P. Wise 2004.

Figure 7.42

Adapted by permission from R. Shadmehr and S.P. Wise 2004. Figure 7.43a Adapted by permission from R. Shadmehr and S.P. Wise 2004. (continued)

Adapted by permission from R. Shadmehr and S.P. Wise 2004. Figure 7.43b Adapted by permission from R. Shadmehr and S.P. Wise 2004. (continued)

Adapted by permission from R. Shadmehr and S.P. Wise 2004. Figure 7.43c Adapted by permission from R. Shadmehr and S.P. Wise 2004. (continued)

Adapted by permission from R. Shadmehr and S.P. Wise 2004. Figure 7.43d Adapted by permission from R. Shadmehr and S.P. Wise 2004. (continued)

Adapted by permission from R. Shadmehr and S.P. Wise 2004. Figure 7.43e Adapted by permission from R. Shadmehr and S.P. Wise 2004. (continued)

Adapted by permission from R. Shadmehr and S.P. Wise 2004. Figure 7.43f Adapted by permission from R. Shadmehr and S.P. Wise 2004.