ENERGY

WORK is… a FORCE is… ENERGY is… when a FORCE moves an object the ability to do WORK or cause change Name 2 things that ARE energy or that HAVE energy WORK is… when a FORCE moves an object a FORCE is… a push or a pull

Energy that is NOT being used Energy that IS being used There are two main kinds of energy… POTENTIAL ENERGY KINETIC ENERGY STORED energy or Energy that is NOT being used Energy in MOTION or Energy that IS being used Examples: Examples:

Write a “P” or a “K” under each picture on your paper to tell whether the pictures are showing POTENTIAL or KINETIC energy. zzzz K P K K P

DIFFERENT FORMS OF ENERGY Both potential & kinetic energy come in many forms. Six of the most common ones are: Sound Energy Energy of virbrating particles THERMAL (HEAT) ENERGY Energy of the heat IN an object CHEMICAL ENERGY Energy in chemical bonds of food, gas, batteries, burning wood etc.

DIFFERENT FORMS OF ENERGY (continued) ELECTRICAL ENERGY Moving electrical charges ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY (light/radiant) Light energy, X-rays, radio waves NUCLEAR ENERGY Stored in the nucleus of an atom & released when atoms are split or joined together, nuclear reactors, atomic bombs, stars, sun

Sound energy is the energy produced by sound vibrations as they travel through air, water, or any other space. This type of energy is a form of mechanical energy. Most people and animals can register this sort of energy with their ears and it’s fairly easy to identify. Sound Energy

Thermal energy is the energy that comes from heat Thermal energy is the energy that comes from heat. This heat is generated by the movement of tiny particles within an object. The faster these particles move, the more heat is generated. Stoves and matches are examples of objects that conduct thermal energy. Thermal Energy

The energy that results during a chemical reaction is called chemical energy. It is a type of potential energy. Chemical energy is stored within the bonds of the atoms and molecules that make up a substance. Once chemical energy is released from a substance, the substance is transformed into a new substance. Chemical Energy

Electrical energy is energy that is caused by moving electric charges Electrical energy is energy that is caused by moving electric charges. Since the electric charges are moving, this is a form of kinetic energy. The faster the electric charges are moving the more electrical energy they carry. Electrical Energy

Electromagnetic (Light) Energy The potential for light to perform work is called light energy. Light energy is the only form of energy that we can actually see directly. Light energy can also be converted into other forms of energy. Electromagnetic (Light) Energy

1.The energy released b y a nuclear reaction, es pecially by fission or fusi on. 2. Nuclear energy regar ded as a source of pow er. Also called atomic e nergy. Nuclear Energy

ENERGY CONVERSIONS (ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS) Energy can be converted (transformed or changed) from one form to another. For example… 1) Food has POTENTIAL CHEMICAL energy. 2) When you eat it, the bonds in the atoms are broken and the energy is released to your cells. Your body CHANGES the chemical energy to KINETIC MECHANICAL ENERGY when you run, jump, write, walk. 4) Finally, your body creates THERMAL (HEAT) ENERGY you can feel because the molecules inside you are moving!

Think about the energy conversions taking place with a flashlight. Use the flow chart in your notes to show each form of energy that occurs. Lightbulb Batteries Wires CHEMICAL ENERGY ELECTRICAL ENERGY ELECTROMAGNETIC (Light)ENERGY

Label the ENERGY CONVERSIONS in your notes. ELECTRIC PENCIL SHARPENER GEARS & BLADES WIRES mechanical energy electrical energy

HEATING PAD WIRES HEAT electrical energy thermal energy

PLANT PHOTOSYNTHESIS electromagnetic (light)energy chemical energy SUN Plant changes sunlight and water into sugar (food) for plant! electromagnetic (light)energy chemical energy

Conservation of Energy P.E  K.E.  P.E.  K.E. … Is energy lost? No! Energy is converted!

Law of Conservation The law of conservation of energy states that when one form of energy is converted to another, no energy is destroyed in the process. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, so the total amount of energy is the same before and after any process. All energy is accounted for. Conserving Energy When you hear or read about conserving energy, don’t get confused with the law of conservation of energy. Conserving energy means saving energy, or not wasting it! In Science, energy is always conserved because its total quantity does not change.

Law of Conservation of Energy Energy can be neither created nor destroyed. The total energy in a “closed” system is always the same. The energy may be in different forms, but the amount will be equal.

Energy Conversion in a Waterfall The water at the top of the falls has gravitational potential energy because it is higher than at the bottom. As the water falls, its height decreases, and loses its potential energy. At the same time, its kinetic energy increases because its velocity (speed) increases. The potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. Gravitational Potential Energy Kinetic Energy

Conservation of Energy Thermal Energy produced by friction is not useful energy- Why? It IS NOT used to do work.

Perpetual Motion A machine that would run forever without the addition of energy. Some energy is wasted due to the thermal energy produced, so perpetual motion is not possible. So How does the “drinking bird” work?