Central detector for CLAS12: CTOF and Neutron detector

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Presentation transcript:

Central detector for CLAS12: CTOF and Neutron detector Where we stand Objectives Requirements Constraints Possible solutions S. Niccolai, IPN Orsay

Central (CD), 40o<q<135o Forward (FD), 5o<q<40o CLAS12: the current design Full detector: Central (CD), 40o<q<135o Forward (FD), 5o<q<40o CD + exploded view of one sector of FD 12/03/08 - S. Niccolai – IPNO

and/or neutron detector Central Detector Main coil Central tracker CTOF Space for calorimeter and/or neutron detector (12 cm radial thickness) Cryostat vacuum jacket Magnetic field in the center = 5 T 12/03/08 - S. Niccolai – IPNO

Central TOF CTOF: Measuring TOF for particle ID of charged particles Goal: s = 50 ps to allow: p/K separation up to 0.6 GeV/c p/p separation up to 1.25 GeV/c Challenge: light collection in the strong magnetic field (5 T) 12/03/08 - S. Niccolai – IPNO

1) Long bent light guides Prototype under construction Solutions studied at Kyoungpook and JLab 1) Long bent light guides and ordinary PMTs 20-30 mTesla Prototype under construction at JLab (V. Baturine)

Solutions studied at Kyoungpook and JLab 2) Straight light guides and magnetic-field-resistant PMTs (micro channel, fine mesh) In-field tests planned at Kyoungpook (S. Kouznetsov) 0.6-2 Tesla

JLab’s design (option 1) 50 scintillators 66x2x3 (cm) 100 Light guides l=1.0-1.8 m 100 Photo-multipliers σ = 72 ps (?) Measurements have been done without light guides and with straight LG

JLab’s prototype H8500/R2083 What can we do? Studying alternative solutions SiPM as photodetectors? Can we achieve 50 ps of time resolution with SiPM?

We need photodetectors that are insensitive to magnetic field Neutron detector Goal: detection of neutrons with pn = 0.2 - 1 GeV, with PID (n or g?) and measurement of angles q, f Challenges: detection efficiency (15 cm of material available, including CTOF) g/n separation: TOF resolution (or…?) strong magnetic field (5 T) no space for light guides We need photodetectors that are insensitive to magnetic field 12/03/08 - S. Niccolai – IPNO

GEANT4 simulation estimate and maximize detection efficiency for neutrons resolution on TOF to separate neutrons and g or find an alternative way to separate neutrons and g x z y l R r Realistic geometry, following design for CTOF: solid composed by trapezoids Segmentation: Radial, to determine interaction point TOF  p (5 layers in r, 3 cm thick) Azimuthal, to determine f (30 slices) q can be obtained via z=1/2veff(t1-t2) Dimensions R= 39 cm r = 24 cm l = 50 cm 12/03/08 - S. Niccolai – IPNO

Light quenching effect taken into account by reducing Edep for Neutron efficiency Detector material: scintillator Generated neutrons with pn=0.1-1.0 GeV/c, q=90°, f=13.5° (center of 6th f slice) Efficiency: Nrec/Ngen Nrec= number of events in 6th f slice having Edep>Ethreshold (r: first good hit only) 2 MeV 5 MeV 10 MeV Light quenching effect taken into account by reducing Edep for protons by a factor 5 Efficiency increases decreasing the threshold Eff ≈ 15% for thr. = 2 MeV and pn=500 MeV/c In agreement with « thumb rule »: 1% efficiency for 1 cm of scintillator

TOF resolution Slava’s measurement Simulation For each f, r slice: TOF = (t1+t2)/2 t1 = tofGEANT+ tsmear+ (l/2-z)/veff t2 = tofGEANT+ tsmear+ (l/2+z)/veff veff=16 cm/ns (value used in GSIM) tofGEANT= average of times of all «steps» z = average of z positions from all steps tsmear = smearing factor: Gaussian centered at 0 with s= t0/√Edep (MeV), t0 = 92 ps (deduced from Slava’s measurement at 6 MeV) for 1st r layer, for other layers t0 = 200 ps Simulate time distribution of the scintillator light Introduce spread due to light transmission in the bar Account for transmission from the scintillator to the pmt photocathode (different size, lightguide...) Account for conversion to photoelectrons (q.e. =20%) Include additional time spread due to PMT transit time and amplification Slava’s measurement Simulation

TOF resolution: results s = 70 ps s = 117 ps s = 117 ps s = 118 ps Neutrons, pn= 1 GeV/c s = 80 ps Threshold = 2 MeV Resolution is worse with smaller threshold

TOF resolution: results s = 48 ps s = 87 ps s = 83 ps s = 81 ps Photons, pg=1 GeV/c s = 80 ps At 3s no overlap between n and g in the first layer starting to overlap in other layers n/g separation possible up to pn≤1 GeV/c

Hits multiplicity: another PID method? Photon, no lead Photon, lead (0.625 cm) Added lead layers, and studied the number of hits per events with Edep>threshold, for neutrons and photons 12/03/08 - S. Niccolai – IPNO

Very different multiplicities Neutron, no lead Neutron, lead 0.625 cm Very different multiplicities between n and g with the lead layers BUT Eff(g) = 90% Eff(n) = 15% Tested thinner lead layer (1mm)  lower photon efficiency (50%) but photon multiplicity gets lower (Eff(g) = 20% no lead) Photon, no lead Photon, lead 0.625 cm 12/03/08 - S. Niccolai – IPNO

The spaghetti option: KLOE Active material: 1.0 mm diameter scintillating fiber Core: polystyrene, r=1.050 g/cm3, n=1.6 High sampling structure: 200 layers of 0.5 mm grooved lead foils (95% Pb and 5% Bi). Lead:Fiber:Glue volume ratio = 42:48:10 Conceived as an electromagnetic calorimeter, it turned out to be very efficient for neutrons More than twice the efficiency/cm of a scintillator, measured with neutron beam (Uppsala) and reproduced by simulation (FLUKA) Could this solution be viable for us? Coud it work also for measurement of TOF? Timing resolution with fibers + SiPM? 12/03/08 - S. Niccolai – IPNO

Summary Can SiPM be the solution? We need photodetectors insensitive Whichever solution will be chosen for the neutron detector (layers of scintillators, sandwich lead-scintillator, spaghetti, etc.), there are the following issues: limited space upstream and downstream, due to the presence of the light guides for CTOF → no space for additional light guides to “escape” from the high magnetic field light collection in the high magnetic field BUT, compared to CTOF, the requirement on TOF resolution is less stringent: from preliminary simulations, a time resolution twice as bad as the one currently achieved in KNU and Jlab measurements can still be good enough to separate photons from neutrons for neutron momentums up to 1 GeV Can SiPM be the solution? We need photodetectors insensitive to magnetic field, providing decent timing resolution 12/03/08 - S. Niccolai – IPNO