What is Dark Silicon in Embedded? Dark silicon describes the phenomenon of not being able to simultaneously power on all silicon resources due to thermal and power supply constraints. Dim silicon „[…] to power on all silicon resources at maximum voltage/frequency […]“ 1 Watt 4.59 Watt 4.86 Watt Total Power = 10.45 Watt Power Budget = 4 Watt!

What are the main problems? Available silicon does not provide expected performance Resource management required Lack of holistic management approaches Unexpected behavior Loss of performance, predictability, etc. Due to heterogeneity, programmability issues arise System complexity is skyrocketing

Fundamental techniques to cope with dark silicon and their layers? Technology layer: New devices & materials Circuit layer: Specific layout techniques Architecture layer: Heterogeneous & application- specific cores and accelerator-rich architectures System software layer: Hardware-near sensing and control, application-aware management Application layer: Programming APIs, etc. Cross layer 4 Horsemen of Dark Silicon (Taylor 2012) Shrink, Dim, Specialize, Deus ex Machina DVFS, power gating, power states, task migration

What are the opportunities arising from DS in Embedded? Heterogeneous systems Business case for Advanced management layers Overprovisioning and specialization of hardware Redundancy almost for free

Which of your techniques could effect the other community and which ones would you like to use? Task migration Malleable applications Heterogeneity bigLITTLE What we would like to use: Optimization methods Compiler technology Software techniques Performance monitoring and debugging