Optimising the installation phase of wind turbines in deep water Dimitrios Anagnostaras, Beatriz Navas, Lars Eichler, Niall Mackay, Roman Perez

Outline Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion 1 Engineering Outline Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion 1

Engineering Project Aim Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion Develop a concept to optimise the installation phase of wind turbines in deep water Technical Analysis Financial Analysis Environmental Analysis 2

Why Going Deep? 3 Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Engineering Why Going Deep? Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion Source: Bathymetry, 2014 3

Foundation Types 4 Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Engineering Foundation Types Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion max. 30m max. 100m max. 300 - 350m max. 450m 4 Source: Springer, 2014; Data: Carbon Trust, 2015

The Hywind Challenge Assembled near - shore Engineering The Hywind Challenge Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion Assembled near - shore Min. depth of 80m Weather protected Components are either wet / dry towed 2 x cranes required Vertically towed to site  Source: Hywind, 2015 Source: Hywind, 2015 5

Problems 6 Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion Engineering Problems Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion - Better picture 6 Source: Hywind, 2015

Concept 7 Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion Engineering Concept Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion 7

Concept 8 Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion Engineering Concept Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion 8

Airbags 9 Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion Engineering Airbags Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion 9 Source: Made-in-China, 2015

Barges 10 Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion Engineering Barges Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion 10 Source: Crowley, 2016

How does it work? 11 Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Engineering How does it work? Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion 11

Technical Analysis Level 1: Excel Level 2: ANSYS Engineering Technical Analysis Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion Level 1: Excel Gravity Centre variation Shear Force distribution Bending Moment distribution Level 2: ANSYS Structural analysis 12

TA: Level 1 Change in the “Centre of Gravity” Engineering TA: Level 1 Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion Change in the “Centre of Gravity” GC: 128m during transport 13

TA: Level 1 Change in the “Centre of Gravity” Engineering TA: Level 1 Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion Change in the “Centre of Gravity” GC: 93m when barge is removed 13

TA: Level 1 Change in the “Centre of Gravity” Engineering TA: Level 1 Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion Change in the “Centre of Gravity” GC: 26m during installation 13

TA: Level 1 2.96 MN 14 Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Engineering TA: Level 1 Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion 2.96 MN 14

TA: Level 1 6.8 GNm 15 Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Engineering TA: Level 1 Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion 6.8 GNm 15

TA: Level 2 < Limit 400-550 MPa 16 Project Aim The Problem Engineering TA: Level 2 Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion < Limit 400-550 MPa 16

Financial Analysis 17 Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Engineering Financial Analysis Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion Our Concept 17

Financial Analysis 52% 18 Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Engineering Financial Analysis Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion 52% Current Method Our Concept 18

Environmental Analysis Engineering Environmental Analysis Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion Current Approach vs Our Concept Main assembly onshore Reduced emissions E.g. reduced vessel activity Reduced noise Lower impact on marine mammals Reduced visual impact Source: PortStrategy, 2016 19

CO2-Case Study Tonnes of CO2 Current Method 20 Project Aim The Problem Engineering CO2-Case Study Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion Tonnes of CO2 - Remove zeros on y axis Current Method Our Concept 20

Environmental Analysis Engineering Environmental Analysis Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion Current Approach vs Our Concept Main assembly onshore Reduced emissions E.g. reduced vessel activity Reduced noise Lower impact on marine mammals Reduced visual impact Source: Eichler, 2015 21

Conclusion Outcome: It works! Benefits Engineering Conclusion Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion Outcome: It works! Benefits On-shore assembly of wind turbine Reduction of required installation vessels Increased operation window Lower environmental impact € - Savings 22

Future Work Dynamic analysis Detailed design of components Engineering Future Work Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion Dynamic analysis wind impacts, hinge, etc. Detailed design of components Use concept for O&M Operational window analysis 23

THE END 24 Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion Engineering THE END Project Aim The Problem Our Solution Outcomes Conclusion 24 Source: http://hdwallpaperslovely.com, 2016