Today’s Warm-Up Answer on your warm up/exit ticket sheet: What do you think is the main source of conflict in the Middle East?

Arab-Israeli Conflict Today’s LEQ: How have regional issues contributed to conflicts in the Middle East? Arab-Israeli Conflict

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Brief History of the Middle East Ottoman Empire dominant ruling power from 1299 until losing WWI (became Turkey) In 1920, League of Nations established mandate system of French and British control for 25 years

Creation of Israel At end of the 19th century, an international movement of Jews who called themselves Zionists declared Palestine to be an appropriate homeland Anti-Semitism (prejudice/hatred towards Jews) was growing in Europe and Jews began to emigrate to this area After the persecution of Jews during WWII, international sympathy contributed to the support for a Jewish state in Palestine

U.N. Partition Plan In 1947, the U.N. voted to partition Palestine into two states, one for Jews and the other for Palestinians Jerusalem was to be an international zone The Jews agreed; Arabs did not

Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians become refugees All surrounding Arab States declared war on Israel in 1948. Arab-Israeli War won by Israel, Israel took 70% of Palestine. (50% more than UN intended) Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians become refugees

Map 1: Proposed division between Israel and Palestine according to U.N. Partition Plan Map 2: What Israel actually gets after winning the first Arab-Israeli War Break for Activity: Israeli & Palestinian Claims to Land

Arab-Israeli Conflict Since Israel was established in 1948, most Middle Eastern countries refused to recognize its right to exist and a series of conflicts and wars have followed 1964, Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) formed; pledged to destroy Israel, replace with Palestinian state

Six-Day War In 1967, Egypt demanded that U.N. troops leave Gaza and the Sinai Peninsula Expecting a large-scale Arab attack, Israel struck first & quickly defeated Arab forces Map 3: Israel took control of the Golan Heights, Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip, West Bank, and East Jerusalem

Yom Kippur War Determined to win back territory, Egypt and Syria launched surprise attack against Israel in 1973; OPEC declares oil embargo on countries supporting Israel After weeks of fighting, both sides agree to a cease-fire

A Peace Agreement  Egypt and Israel make peace in 1978 in an agreement known as the Camp David Accords Egypt recognized Israel, and Israel returned the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt The treaty ended 30 years of hostility between Egypt and Israel

The Conflict Remains Unresolved  As Egypt & Israel made peace, Palestinians still struggled for nationhood Extremists on both sides have undermined peace process between Israel & Palestine In 2005, Israel agreed to hand over Gaza and parts of West Bank to Palestinians But, tensions grew when Hamas (Palestinian militant group) won control of Palestinian parliament in 2006 Violence still continues today

Today’s Exit Ticket Answer on your warm up/exit ticket sheet: Based on what we covered in class today, whose claim to the disputed land is stronger – Palestinian or Israeli? Explain.