Figure 1 Summary of the weekly incidence of influenza cases observed in confined settings, in population-based studies in Maryland (USA), Scandinavian.

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Figure 1 Summary of the weekly incidence of influenza cases observed in confined settings, in population-based studies in Maryland (USA), Scandinavian cities and in American cities during the period April 1918 to April 1919. From: Estimates of the reproduction numbers of Spanish influenza using morbidity data Int J Epidemiol. 2007;36(4):881-889. doi:10.1093/ije/dym071 Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association © The Author 2007; all rights reserved.

Figure 2 Summary of estimates of the effective and basic reproduction number in various settings during the period April 1918 to April 1919. The lower and upper limits on the points for estimates obtained using the growth rate in the cumulative numbers of cases reflect reproduction numbers obtained assuming a serial interval of 2.5 and 6 days, respectively. For the ‘Devon’, the upper limit of the basic reproduction number estimate is 17. From: Estimates of the reproduction numbers of Spanish influenza using morbidity data Int J Epidemiol. 2007;36(4):881-889. doi:10.1093/ije/dym071 Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association © The Author 2007; all rights reserved.

Figure A1 Comparison between the distributions of the latent period obtained assuming that the values for m = 1 and 100 and the average latent period is 2 days. The formula <sup>9</sup> for this distribution is ((m/L)<sup>m</sup> e<sup>−</sup><sup>mt</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>L</sup> t<sup>m</sup><sup> −1</sup>)/(m − 1)!. From: Estimates of the reproduction numbers of Spanish influenza using morbidity data Int J Epidemiol. 2007;36(4):881-889. doi:10.1093/ije/dym071 Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association © The Author 2007; all rights reserved.

Figure A2 Comparison between the effective and basic reproduction numbers as calculated using the growth rate of the epidemic wave, assuming that the latent and infectious periods either followed the negative exponential distribution or were tightly distributed around the mean value (m = n = 100). The lower and upper limits for the estimates reflect reproduction numbers obtained assuming a serial interval of 2.5 and 6 days, respectively. From: Estimates of the reproduction numbers of Spanish influenza using morbidity data Int J Epidemiol. 2007;36(4):881-889. doi:10.1093/ije/dym071 Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association © The Author 2007; all rights reserved.

Figure A2 Comparison between the effective and basic reproduction numbers as calculated using the growth rate of the epidemic wave, assuming that the latent and infectious periods either followed the negative exponential distribution or were tightly distributed around the mean value (m = n = 100). The lower and upper limits for the estimates reflect reproduction numbers obtained assuming a serial interval of 2.5 and 6 days, respectively. From: Estimates of the reproduction numbers of Spanish influenza using morbidity data Int J Epidemiol. 2007;36(4):881-889. doi:10.1093/ije/dym071 Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association © The Author 2007; all rights reserved.