CM107 UNIT 4 SEMINAR Instructor: David Healey 1

REFLECTION Reflect on the UNIT 3 PROJECT now that you have completed it. What did you learn about the WRITING PROCESS? What did you learn about yourself and your writing strengths and weaknesses? What is the NEXT step in your journey? How will you continue to develop and improve as a writer? ANY QUESTIONS from units 1-3?

What is coming next? The FINAL PROJECT is due in unit 9, and an OUTLINE and DRAFT of that essay will be due in Unit 6. Review the FINAL PROJECT information as soon as possible and begin the process of finding a topic to write on.

Writing With Research Information Source information can help VALIDATE and CLARIFY ideas we have as writers. Even EXPERTS look to other experts for information. They may DISAGREE with that the other expert has written, or they may want to CLARIFY a point another expert has made, or they may want to engage in DIALOGUE with the other expert. They also use other sources to demonstrate that they are well-read and up to date on advances within a field. Using RELIABLE sources is important, though. What is the difference between RELIABLE and UNRELIABLE sources and how can you tell if a source is reliable?

Research, continued What can research information do to help YOU as a writer? Should you read sources before you begin writing? Or should you look for sources to support your own claims and ideas, once you have established them? How much research is necessary? Should your paper STAND ALONE without any source material, if you took it out? How can source material particularly help you with your upcoming projects? How might source material help YOU to know your subject better, BUILD your confidence in writing about the topic, and help you demonstrate to your AUDIENCE that you are reliable, informed, and believable?

The KU LIBRARY What sort of resources are available in the KU Library? Why might a writer want to use the sources in the library, rather than immediately going to the Internet? What advantages might library e-books and articles have over Internet sources? What are some of the challenges that using library sources might pose?

LOCATING AND USING SOURCES Imagine that you are interested in writing about alcoholism, the harmful effects of this problem and a possible solution that may help people with this problem. What sort of information from the KU Library sources might be helpful in creating a paper on this topic? Where in the KU Library would you FIND this type of information? Are ALL library sources VALUABLE and RELIABLE?

FIELD TRIP ACCESS THE KU LIBRARY Using the word ALCOHOLISM as a KEYWORD, see what sources are available on the topic through the K-Zoom! search. NOTICE the CLUSTER results tab on the LEFT side of K- Zoom! Once you click search and the list of potential sources comes up. Can this be helpful? LOCATE one source that explores either a PHYSICAL or PSYCHOLOGICAL effect of alcoholism What information does that source provide?

PARAPHRASING When we use sources, we have several options for HOW to incorporate that information into our own paragraphs: Quoting Paraphrasing Summarizing WHY might relying on quotes be problematic? Why might Paraphrasing be more valuable? Is CUTTING AND PASTING a good idea?

HOW TO PARAPHRASE Determine that the source is RELEVANT to your paper. If not, don’t use it. Read the source and take notes, but avoid the temptation to do so AS YOU WRITE. Read the source however many times it takes to be able to tell others what the source says, without looking at the source Paraphrasing means you use the source’s ideas, but you put those ideas into your own words and sentence structure

PUT THIS INTO PRACTICE Here is a paragraph from a source. Read it carefully and think about what the writer is saying. The author is Jürgen Rehm. Alcohol consumption is linked not only to unintentional but also to intentional injury. Both average volume of alcohol consumption and the level of drinking before the event have been shown to affect suicide risk. There also is a clear link between alcohol consumption and aggression, including, but not limited to, homicides. Several causal pathways have been identified that play a role in this link, including biological pathways acting via alcohol’s effect on receptors for the brain signaling molecules (i.e., neurotransmitters) serotonin and γ-aminobutyric acid or via alcohol’s effects on cognitive functioning. Cultural factors that are related to both differences in drinking patterns and beliefs and expectations about the effects of alcohol also influence the relationship between drinking and aggression Now, paraphrase this information, not changing the content, but using your own language and sentence structure to convey the idea. Before you post your paraphrase, check to make sure you have not accidentally used the language of the source. Any language that is exact from the source must be in quotation marks, but for this exercise, work to paraphrase the information entirely in your own words.

CREDITING SOURCES When we use a source, we have to give it credit. How do YOU give credit to someone who gives you an idea at work? How do we do that when we use a source? IN TEXT CITATIONS to indicate WHERE, IN WHAT FORM, HOW MUCH, and TO WHAT EXTENT we have used the source. REFERENCES PAGE citation to give the reader the information needed to locate the source you used, if needed.

How would you cite this? The Risks Associated With Alcohol Use and Alcoholism. Author: Rehm, Jürgen Source: Alcohol Research & Health, 2011, Vol. 34 Issue 2, p135-143, 9p, 2 Charts Document Type: Article. ISSN: 15357414 Accession Number: 70561483 Database: MasterFILE Premier. IN TEXT CITATION? (Rehm, 2011) REFERENCES PAGE? Rehm, J. (2011). The Risks Associated With Alcohol Use and Alcoholism. Alcohol Research & Health, 34(2), 135.

PUT IT TOGETHER Take your paraphrase on the effects of alcoholism and the in text citation and put them together, to show how you would cite the source within the paragraph.

QUESTIONS?