An Introduction to Literary Archetypes

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Presentation transcript:

An Introduction to Literary Archetypes

Key Intellectual Figures: From Freud to Campbell Carl “I Don’t Look Very”Jung (psychiatrist and philosopher): 1875-1961 Joseph Campbell (mythologist, author, lecturer, professor) 1904-1987 Sigmund Freud (AKA “The Father of Psychology”): 1865-1939

Freud was the first person to offer a systematic method of studying the unconscious mind. Below is a chart of the human psyche according to Freud: “…the ego represents what may be called reason and common sense….” In other words, the ego is the mediator between the id and super-ego. “…the super-ego retains the … influence of authority…in the form of conscience or perhaps of an unconscious sense of guilt…” The super-ego censors or controls our desires. Id Superego Ego “…the id is the dark, inaccessible part of our personality… striving to bring about the satisfaction of the instinctual needs….” The id represents our unconscious desires, instinctual needs and drives.

Jung’s Revises Freud’s Concept of the Psyche: Collective Unconscious Anima/Animus Shadow Subconscious Memories Persona Ego You’ll find that the most important part of this diagram as it relates to archetypes is the collective unconscious.

Explaining Jung’s Psyche: Consciousness The Ego = our true outer selves; consciousness The Persona = the person we present ourselves as to conceal our true natures; the “mask” we show the world Collective Unconscious Anima/Animus Shadow Subconscious Memories Persona Ego

Explaining Jung’s Psyche: Personal Unconsciousness Subconscious Memories = suppressed and forgotten memories The Shadow = consists of repressed animal instincts (vulgar, shameful or corrupt parts of the personality) The Anima = feminine side of personality; emotional, creative and artistic forces The Animus = masculine side of personality; reason, strength and intellect (Anima/Animus is our true inner selves as opposed to our persona) Collective Unconscious Anima/Animus Shadow Subconscious Memories Persona Ego

Collective Unconsciousness Explaining Jung’s Psyche: Collective Unconsciousness The subconscious awareness of human experiences that predates the individual--our species shares this knowledge Collective Unconscious Anima/Animus Shadow Subconscious Memories Persona Ego

Why the Collective Unconsciousness is Important: The primary pieces of knowledge we share as part of our collective unconscious are called ARCHETYPES! This is why we see the same symbols and characters and situations in the literature from all over the world.

Archetypal Symbols… Just think about how many stories you’ve read that use flowers as symbols of beauty and hope… From: http://clipart.disneysites.com/ http://clipart.disneysites.com/display.php?catID=48

Archetypal Characters… Or an evil figure with an ultimately good heart… From: http://clipart.disneysites.com/imgFullSize2.php?linkID=144

Archetypal Situations… How could you forget the archetypal Hero’s journey which I wrote about so extensively in my 1949 book, The Hero with a Thousand Faces? I know you wrote a whole essay about it in the 9th grade! From: http://clipart.disneysites.com/imgFullSize2.php?linkID=361 From: http://clipart.disneysites.com/imgFullSize2.php?linkID=19

Therefore, we can learn more about humanity and authors’ specific purposes through the study of literary archetypes!