Amber Peabody Lena Dreves Bronze C19300 in Cymbals Amber Peabody Lena Dreves

Drum Cymbals Cymbals are a common percussion instrument and a important part of the drum set Cymbals consists of thin, normally round plates of various alloys Different Brands of Cymbals include: Sabian, Zildjian, Paiste, Meinl, Istanbul, Mehmet, Stagg Four main copper based alloys: malleable bronze, bell bronze, brass, and nickel silver Bell Bronze: B8 and B20 bronze

Drum Cymbals in Music Drum Cymbals are essential to all drum kits for any type of music. Most Drum sets include at least four different types of cymbals: Crash Cymbal Ride Cymbal Hi-Hat Cymbals Splash Cymbals Others: China Cymbal, and Effects Cymbal Cymbals are used in: Orchestra Percussion ensembles Jazz bands Heavy Metal bands Marching bands.

Composition of Bronze C91300 Elements Copper: 79-82% mallability Tin: 18-20% Improves solid solution strengthening Improves corrosion resistance Phosphorus: 1% Max Nickel: 0.5% Max Zinc: 0.25% Max

Properties of C91300 Mechanical Properties Thermal Properties Hardness Values 160 BHN 51 RA 83 RB Impact Strength Tensile Strength 35 KSI Thermal Properties Melting Point 1020oC 1868oF Density 8.719 g/cm3

Naming System Classification Wrought Copper Alloys: C10000-C79999 Tin bronze ASTM B22 Wrought Copper Alloys: C10000-C79999 Cast Copper Alloys: C80000-C99999 C80000 – C83299 High Copper Alloys C83300 – C85999 Brasses C86000 –C95999 Bronzes C96000 – C96999 Copper Nickel Alloys C97000 – C97999 Nickel Silver Alloys C98000 – C98999 Copper Lead Alloys C99000 – C9999 Special Alloys

Manufacturing Processes Casting: Melted alloy is poured into a circular mold. Cymbals start as a circular casting of the alloy. Heat Treating: C91300 does not respond to heat treatment Castings are heated up to 800oC to make them soft Cross Rolling: Rolled between two rollers Heated again Rolled again Repeated up to 12 times Strengthens the alloy The melted alloy is poured into a circular mold. This alloy does not respond to heat treating but the castings are heated at a temperature of about 800oC to make them soft. After being heated the castings are rolled, heated then rolled again, up to about 12 times, creating a cross rolled effect that strengthens the alloy.

Manufacturing Processes Refining Hammering: Machine Hammered Following a computer program Lathing Removes the outer layer of the alloy Adds tonal groves Done by both a person and a machine Cymbals are hammered by a machine following a computer program. Tonal groves are added by removing the outer layer of the alloy, this is done by both a person and a machine.

Manufacturing Processes Video Making Zildjian Cymbals http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zyynDsMhb7g

Acoustics in Cymbals Properties that Affect Acoustics: Dampening Capacity- The ability of a material to absorb vibration by internal friction and convert the mechanical energy into heat. Low dampening capacity Elastic Modulus- The ratio of stress (nominal) to corresponding strain below the proportional limit of a material. 117 GPa 16969 KSI Time and Wear is a Factor

Cymbal Anatomy Size Shape Thickness Bow Weight Bell Taper Diameter Height Bow Bell Taper Edge

Other Applications Piston Rings Bearings Bushings Bridge plates Bells