Per Knudsen & Ole Andersen, DTU Space, Jerome Benveniste, ESA/ESRIN,

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Assessing GOCE Gravity Models using Altimetry and In-situ Ocean Current Observation. Per Knudsen & Ole Andersen, DTU Space, Jerome Benveniste, ESA/ESRIN, Sean Bruinsma, CNES, Johanna Honecker, TUM, Nikolai Maximenko, ICPR-UH

New model - DTU13MDT: Similar to DTU12MDT updated with DTU13MSS Eigen-6C3 Improved mainly in the Arctic and in the equatorial region.. 20 year reference period Consistent with the new AVISO altimetry reference period.

Geostrophic Currents (DTU13MDT): 40- cm/s 5- Geostrophic Currents (DTU13MDT):

GV Speeds (DTU13MDT vs Maximenko): 40- cm/s 5- GV Speeds (DTU13MDT vs Maximenko): DTU13MDT Maximenko

GV Directions (DTU13MDT vs Maximenko): DTU13MDT Maximenko

North Atlantic Ocean: DTU_EGU13_MDT Maximenko

North Pacific Ocean: DTU_EGU13_MDT Maximenko

Assessment of GOCE models A more quantitative assessment of GOCE gravity models is carried out using: A MSS model based on satellite altimetry, (In “quiet” areas the MSS is a really good approximation to the marine geoid) A MSS model and mean drifter velocities. (to make a link to the ocean circulation)

Assessment using DTU13MSS In a “quiet” area in the Southeast Pacific, 17 models were used: tim_r3 tim_r4 tim_r5 dir_r3 dir_r4 dir_r5 eigen6c eigen6c2 eigen6c3 30x30 deg areas, 1/4x1/4 deg grids, up to Nmax, no filtering goco02s goco03s gogra02s gogra04s itg-goce02 jyy_goce02s jyy_goce04s spw_r2

Use EOFs to detect common features Use SVD to perform X=U∧V (only Tim + Dir + Eigen) EOF#1: Average. EOF#1 Tim 3 4 5 Dir 3 4 5 Eigen6c 1 2 3

Use EOFs to detect common features EOF#2 describes the progression/improvement of the releases 3 - 4 - 5 – similar for Tim and Dir models Wavelengths: 0.4-0.8 cy/deg (d/o 150-250) Tim 5 4 3 Dir 5 4 3 Eigen6c 1 2 3 EOF#2

Use EOFs to detect common features EOF#3 shows the special features of the Eigen models wrt the other modes. Wavelengths: 0.5-0.8 cy/deg (d/o 200-250) And meridional (d+o 100-120) EOF#3 Eigen6c 1 2 3 Tim 3 4 5 Dir 3 4 5

Use EOFs to detect common features EOF#4 show special feature of release 4 of both Tim and Dir EOF#3 4 Tim 3 5 4 Dir 3 5 Eigen6c 1 2 3

RMS of residuals: RMS values vary around 16 – 19 cm. A tendency of lower values for newer models. RMS for the EIGEN-6C models are 10 cm. MSS-geoid (left) Power spectrum (below) 2D power spectrum (right) Most signal >0.6 cy/deg (≈ d/o 220) have been removed.

Power Spectra of residuals: RMS values vary around 16 – 19 cm. A tendency of lower values for newer models. Tim Dir 3, 4, 5 3, 4, 5 Improvements detected at 0.4-0.7 cy/deg (≈ d/o 150-250)

Assessment using MSS and drifter velocities An assessment of GOCE gravity models is carried out using a MSS model and An MDT model (Maximenko) and Mean drifter velocities. ¼ x ¼ deg. means, Ekman drift removed, no meso-scale correction.

Results – correlation spectra Signals are nicely correlated at longer wavelength (to 0.3-0.35 cy/deg, i.e. 300-350 km) Ongoing research !!! MDT Vx Vy

Conclusions We have Shown good similarities between DTU13MDT and Maximenko et al. MDT Described differences in GOCE models using EOFs. Computed spectra of the residuals Computed correlations. We need to continue Doing assessments in more areas - compare, Study correlations.